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Farida Kusumaningrum; Pembimbing: Kusharisupeni Djokosujono; Penguji: Triyanti, Anies Irawati
S-6710
Depok : FKM UI, 2011
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nor Rofika Hidayah; Pembimbing: Trini Sudiarti; Penguji: Fatmah, Sri Muljati
S-6753
Depok : FKM UI, 2011
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Juliawita Andrieni; Pembimbing: Syahrizal, Helda, Evelyn Yolanda Panggabean, Irma Novishinta
Abstrak:
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Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh faktor yang bersifat konteks dan penyebab langsung yang akan tampak pada usia 2 tahun. Stunting mencerminkan kekurangan gizi kronis yang pada jangka pendek berdampak pada meningkatnya kesakitan dan kematian, hambatan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, adanya ketidak seimbangan dari fungsi-fungsi tubuh, rendahnya kemampuan kognitif, motorik dan bahasa serta dampak jangka panjang berupa postur tubuh yang pendek, obesitas, menurunnya kesehatan reproduksi dan selanjutnya akan berpengaruh terhadap produktifitas kerja sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas sumber daya manusia. ASI merupakan zat gizi sempurna untuk bayi yang sesuai dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. WHO merekomendasikan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada 6 bulan pertama kehidupan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatahui hubungan antara riwayat mendapatkan ASI eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting setelah di kontrol variabel jenis kelamin, status BBLR, status PBLR, status mendapatkan Vitamin A pada anak, dan status gizi pada anak pada usia 24 – 59 bulan di Kota Cilegon. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi kasus-kontrol pada 273 anak stunting (kasus) dan 546 anak tidak stunting (kontrol). Data diperoleh dari e-PPGBM Kota Cilegon bulan Agustus tahun 2022. Analisis multivariat pada hubungan ASI eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting diperoleh nilai aOR 2,55 pada 95% CI 1,337 – 4,879 setelah dikontrol variabel jenis kelamin, status BBLR, status PBLR, status mendapatkan Vitamin A pada anak, status gizi, interaksi ASI eksklusif dengan jenis kelamin, dan interaksi ASI eksklusif dengan status gizi. Kandungan zat gizi pada ASI perlu diperhatikan agar anak memperoleh ASI yang cukup secara kualitas dan kuantitas untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan.
Stunting is still a health problem in Indonesia caused by contextual factors and direct causes that will appear at the age of 2 years. Stunting reflects chronic malnutrition which in the short term has an impact on increasing morbidity and mortality, hinders the growth and development of children, there is an imbalance of bodily functions, low cognitive, motoric and language abilities as well as long term impacts in the form of short stature, obesity, decline in reproductive health and will further affect work productivity thereby affecting the quality of human resources. Breast milk is the perfect nutrient for babies according to their growth and development. WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between a history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting after controlling for variables such as gender, LBW status, LBL status, status of getting Vitamin A in children, and nutritional status in children aged 24-59 months in Cilegon City. The study used a case-control study design in 273 stunted children (cases) and 546 non-stunted children (controls). Data were obtained from the Cilegon City e-PPGBM in August 2022. Multivariate analysis on the relationship of exclusive breastfeeding to stunting events obtained an aOR value of 2,55 at 95% CI 1,337 – 4,879 after controlling for the variables gender, LBW status, PBLR status , status of getting Vitamin A in children, nutritional status, interaction of exclusive breastfeeding with gender, and interaction of exclusive breastfeeding with nutritional status. It is necessary to pay attention to the nutritional content of breast milk so that the child obtains sufficient quality and quantity of breast milk for growth and development.
T-6658
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Adelina Irmayani Lubis; Pembimbing: Endang Laksminingsih Achadi; Penguji: Asih Setiarini, Kusharisupeni, Rahmawati, Yuni Zahraini
Abstrak:
Stunting atau pendek merupakan kondisi kekurangan gizi kronis yangmencerminkan kegagalan pertumbuhan linier yang disebabkan oleh multifaktor.Anak balita yang mengalami stunting didahului dengan gagal tumbuh dan melaluiserangkaian proses yang panjang serta bersifat irreversible. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita usia24-59 bulan di Indonesia berdasarkan data IFLS 2014. Desain penelitian adalahcross sectional dengan jumlah sampel balita usia 24-59 yaitu 2.790 orang.Stunting diperoleh dari pengukuran tinggi badan kemudian dikategorikanberdasarkan nilai Z-score TB/U. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 21,97%balita stunting dan 9,57% stunting parah. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwaberat lahir, penyapihan, status anemia, tingkat pendidikan ayah dan ibu, pekerjaanibu, paritas ibu, dan daerah tempat tinggal memliki hubungan signifikan denganstunting. Analisis regresi logistik menghasilkan berat lahir sebagai faktor dominankejadian stunting dengan nilai OR = 2,545. Penelitian ini menyarankan kepadapemerintah untuk membuat kebijakan dan program gizi untuk remaja, programkesehatan untuk ibu hamil seperti pemberian paket nutrisi dan pemantauan khususanak BBLR dengan pemberian suplemen tambahan. Karena faktor dominanterjadinya stunting adalah BBLR, maka perlu memprioritaskan program yangmenurunkan risiko terjadinya BBLR, yaitu calon ibu hamil, remaja putri, dan ibuhamil tidak anemia dan tidak mengalami KEK, melalui minum TTD sesuaianjuran dan menerapkan pola makan bergizi seimbang.Kata Kunci : Stunting, Berat Lahir, usia 24-59 bulan.
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T-5120
Depok : FKM-UI, 2018
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Marlina Indah Susanti; Pembimbing: Yovsyah; Penguji: Tri Yunis Miko, Helda, Nuning Kurniasi
Abstrak:
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Gizi adalah bagian penting dari kesehatan dan perkembangan manusia. Indonesia, belum mencapai target MDG’s kekurangan gizi <15,5% yaitu 17,9% pada tahun 2010. Sedangkan BBLR merupakan salah satu variabel pokok penyebab kekurangan gizi pada balita yang prevalensinya 11,5%. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap anak usia 24-59 bulan dengan menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010 dan desain penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 10.122 responden. Analisis data menggunakan metode cox regression (complex sample). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa jenis kelamin, pendidikan ibu, tingkat sosial ekonomi, dan tipe daerah, bukan faktor counfounding maupun interaksi sehingga nilai PR balita dengan riwayat BBLR memiliki prevalensi mengalami kekurangan gizi 1,77 kali dibandingkan anak yang lahir normal pada balita dengan asupan energi cukup (PRadj = 1,77, 95% CI: 1,32-2,37) dan pada balita dengan asupan energi kurang, protein cukup, dan protein kurang masing-masing sebesar 1,55 (95% CI: 1,27-1,89), 1,51 (95% CI: 1,22-1,86), dan 1,85 (95% CI: 1,40-2,43). Kata Kunci: BBLR, Status gizi, Balita, Anak 24-59 bulan.
Nutrition is an essential part of health and human development. Indonesia, not to achieve the MDG's targets malnutrition <15.5% ie 17.9% in 2010. While LBW is one of the main variables in infants causes of malnutrition prevalence of 11.5%. Research conducted on children aged 24-59 months with the use of secondary data and the Health Research Association 2010 cross-sectional study design. The number of samples in this study were 10122 respondents. Data analysis using Cox regression method (complex sample). The results showed that after controlling sex, maternal education, socioeconomic level, and type of area, with a history of LBW children had a prevalence of 1.77 times the malnourished than children of normal birth in infants with adequate energy intake (PRadj = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.37) and in children with less energy intake, adequate protein, and less protein each 1.55 (95% CI: 1,27 to 1,89), 1.51 (95% CI: 1.22 to 1.86), and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.40-2.43). Keywords: Low birth weight, nutritional status, toddlers, children 24-59 months
T-3600
[s.l.] :
FKM-UI, 2012
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Joellyn Sherapine Lumbantobing; Pembimbing: Trini Sudiarti; Penguji: Siti Arifah Pujonarti, Kusharisupeni Djokosujono
Abstrak:
Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang dialami anak akibat gizi buruk, infeksi berulang, dan stimulasi psikososial yang tidak memadai yang ditandai dengan indeks TB/U < -2 SD. Stunting dapat menghambat seorang anak dalam mencapai potensi fisik dan kognitifnya baik dalam jangka pendek maupun dalam jangka panjang. Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2022 mencatat penurunan prevalensi stunting sebesar 2,8% dari tahun 2021 menjadi 21,8%. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia masih tergolong kategori tinggi. Sulawesi Barat merupakan provinsi dengan prevalensi stunting tertinggi kedua. Terdapat peningkatan prevalensi secara khusus pada kelompok usia 24-59 bulan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian stunting dan faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat tahun 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 2479 sampel menggunakan total sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder SSGI tahun 2022 yang diperoleh sesuai prosedur yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 34,8% anak usia 24-59 bulan di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat tergolong stunting. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara berat badan lahir (p <0,001; OR = 2,537), panjang badan lahir (p <0,001; OR = 2,355), jumlah anggota keluarga (p = 0,037; OR = 1,194), akses air minum (p = 0,004; OR = 1,382), akses sanitasi (p <0,001; OR = 1,942), dan wilayah tempat tinggal (p = 0,003; OR = 1,333) dengan kejadian stunting. Namun, tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan antara riwayat penyakit infeksi, jumlah anak umur 0-59 bulan, ketahanan pangan, status imunisasi dasar, pemanfaatan posyandu, suplementasi vitamin A, dan pemberian obat cacing dengan kejadian stunting. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat adalah panjang badan lahir.
Stunting is a growth and development disorder experienced by children due to poor nutrition, recurrent infections, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation which is characterized by a HAZ index < -2 SD. Stunting can prevent a child from reaching his physical and cognitive potential, not only in the short but also in the long term. The 2022 Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) recorded a reduction in stunting prevalence of 2.8% from 2021 to 21.8%. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still in the high category. West Sulawesi is the province with the second-highest prevalence of stunting. There is a particular increase in prevalence in the 24-59 months age group. Therefore, this study aims to determine the description of stunting and the dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in West Sulawesi Province in 2022. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples used was 2479 samples using total sampling. This research uses SSGI secondary data for 2022 which was obtained according to applicable procedures. The research results show that 34.8% of children aged 24-59 months in West Sulawesi Province are classified as stunted. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between birth weight (p < 0.001; OR = 2.537), birth length (p < 0.001; OR = 2.355), number of family members (p = 0.037; OR = 1.194), access to water (p = 0.004; OR = 1.382), access to sanitation (p < 0.001; OR = 1.942), and area of residence (p = 0.003; OR = 1.333) with the incidence of stunting. However, no relationship was found between the history of infectious diseases, number of children aged 0-59 months, food security, basic immunization status, use of integrated service post (posyandu), vitamin A supplementation, and administration of deworming drug (p > 0,05) with the incidence of stunting. This research found that the dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in West Sulawesi Province is birth length.
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Stunting is a growth and development disorder experienced by children due to poor nutrition, recurrent infections, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation which is characterized by a HAZ index < -2 SD. Stunting can prevent a child from reaching his physical and cognitive potential, not only in the short but also in the long term. The 2022 Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) recorded a reduction in stunting prevalence of 2.8% from 2021 to 21.8%. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still in the high category. West Sulawesi is the province with the second-highest prevalence of stunting. There is a particular increase in prevalence in the 24-59 months age group. Therefore, this study aims to determine the description of stunting and the dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in West Sulawesi Province in 2022. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples used was 2479 samples using total sampling. This research uses SSGI secondary data for 2022 which was obtained according to applicable procedures. The research results show that 34.8% of children aged 24-59 months in West Sulawesi Province are classified as stunted. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between birth weight (p < 0.001; OR = 2.537), birth length (p < 0.001; OR = 2.355), number of family members (p = 0.037; OR = 1.194), access to water (p = 0.004; OR = 1.382), access to sanitation (p < 0.001; OR = 1.942), and area of residence (p = 0.003; OR = 1.333) with the incidence of stunting. However, no relationship was found between the history of infectious diseases, number of children aged 0-59 months, food security, basic immunization status, use of integrated service post (posyandu), vitamin A supplementation, and administration of deworming drug (p > 0,05) with the incidence of stunting. This research found that the dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in West Sulawesi Province is birth length.
S-11748
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Suci Pujiyanti; Pemgimbing: Sandra Fikawati; Penguji: Asih Setiarini, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Sahruna, Nurmala Meilasari
Abstrak:
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Kekurangan gizi pada anak merupakan masalah yang sangat penting di Indonesia, misalnya seperti berat badan rendah, anak sangat kurus, dan stunting (UNICEF, 2020b). Masalah stunting adalah akumulasi dari masalah gizi lainnya dan harus segera ditangani. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia paling banyak terjadi pada masyarakat miskin, yang memengaruhi sekitar 50 juta orang (Susenas BPS, 2023). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sosial ekonomi dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Kecamatan Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah pendidikan ayah dan ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pekerjaan ayah dan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, jumlah anggota keluarga, biaya konsumsi makanan anak per hari, biaya konsumsi protein hewani per hari, dan biaya konsumsi susu per hari. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square, man-whitney, dan regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, kejadian stunting tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan pendidikan ayah dan ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pekerjaan ayah dan ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan biaya konsumsi susu per hari. Sedangkan, variabel pendapatan keluarga, biaya konsumsi makanan anak per hari, dan biaya konsumsi protein hewani per hari berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting. Variabel yang paling berhubungan terhadap kejadian stunting pada penelitian ini adalah variabel biaya konsumsi makanan anak.
Malnutrition in children is a critical issue in Indonesia, manifesting as low birth weight, severely underweight children, and stunting (UNICEF, 2020b). Stunting is a cumulative result of other nutritional problems and requires immediate attention. The highest prevalence of stunting in Indonesia occurs among the poor, affecting approximately 50 million people (Susenas BPS, 2023). This study aimed to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Tanjung Priok District, North Jakarta. This was a quantitative study employing a cross-sectional design. The independent variables in this study included paternal and maternal education, maternal nutrition knowledge, paternal and maternal occupation, family income, number of family members, daily child food consumption costs, daily animal protein consumption costs, and daily milk consumption costs. Data analysis utilized chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and binary logistic regression method. This study found that the incidence of stunting was not significantly associated with paternal and maternal education, maternal nutrition knowledge, paternal and maternal occupation, the number of family members, or daily milk consumption costs. In contrast, family income, daily child food consumption costs, and daily animal protein consumption costs were significantly associated with the incidence of stunting. Among these variables, daily child food consumption costs was the most strongly associated with the incidence of stunting.
Malnutrition in children is a critical issue in Indonesia, manifesting as low birth weight, severely underweight children, and stunting (UNICEF, 2020b). Stunting is a cumulative result of other nutritional problems and requires immediate attention. The highest prevalence of stunting in Indonesia occurs among the poor, affecting approximately 50 million people (Susenas BPS, 2023). This study aimed to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Tanjung Priok District, North Jakarta. This was a quantitative study employing a cross-sectional design. The independent variables in this study included paternal and maternal education, maternal nutrition knowledge, paternal and maternal occupation, family income, number of family members, daily child food consumption costs, daily animal protein consumption costs, and daily milk consumption costs. Data analysis utilized chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and binary logistic regression method. This study found that the incidence of stunting was not significantly associated with paternal and maternal education, maternal nutrition knowledge, paternal and maternal occupation, the number of family members, or daily milk consumption costs. In contrast, family income, daily child food consumption costs, and daily animal protein consumption costs were significantly associated with the incidence of stunting. Among these variables, daily child food consumption costs was the most strongly associated with the incidence of stunting.
T-7417
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ruth Alpita Silva; Pembimbing: Sandra Fikawati; Penguji: Trini Sudiarti, Sahruna
Abstrak:
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Prevalensi wasting di DKI Jakarta mencapai 8% pada tahun 2022. Menurut data SSGI tahun 2022, Jakarta Utara memiliki prevalensi wasting tertinggi sebesar 9,4% (mendekati batas angka 10% masalah gizi kesehatan masyarakat berat) dibandingkan wilayah lain di DKI Jakarta. Usia 24-59 bulan merupakan usia rentan mengalami kejadian wasting karena kebutuhan gizi anak yang tinggi untuk mendukung pertumbuhan cepat sehingga dibutuhkan asupan gizi yang adekuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan (asupan gizi, penyakit infeksi, karakteristik keluarga, dan karakteristik anak) dan faktor dominan kejadian wasting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Kecamatan Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara 2023. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan teknik simple random sampling. Subjek penelitian balita usia 24-59 bulan di wilayah Kecamatan Tanjung Priok berjumlah 188 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan pengukuran antropometri. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square dilanjutkan dengan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian wasting adalah asupan energi (p-value= 0,023), dan asupan lemak (p-value=0,05), sedangkan yang paling dominan adalah asupan energi OR = 4,026 (95%, CI: 1,211-13,385). Perlu adanya deteksi dini dan pencegahan wasting pada anak harus ditingkatkan melalui program pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak pada saat kegiatan penimbangan setiap bulan oleh posyandu dengan dukungan pihak puskesmas.
The prevalence of wasting in DKI Jakarta reached 8% in 2022. According to SSGI data in 2022, North Jakarta has the highest prevalence of wasting at 9.4% (close to the 10% limit for severe public health nutrition problems) compared to other regions in DKI Jakarta. Age 24-59 months is a vulnerable age to experience the incidence of wasting due to the high nutritional needs of children to support rapid growth so that adequate nutritional intake is needed. This study aims to determine and analyze related factors (nutritional intake, infectious diseases, family characteristics, and child characteristics) and dominant factors of wasting incidence in children aged 24-59 months in Tanjung Priok District, North Jakarta 2023. The study used a cross-sectional design with simple random sampling technique. Subjects of research toddlers aged 24-59 months in the District of Tanjung Priok amounted to 188 people. Data was collected through interviews and anthropometric measurements. Data analysis using chi-square followed by logistic regression. The results showed that the factors significantly associated with the incidence of wasting are energy intake (p-value= 0.023), and fat intake (p-value=0.05), while the most dominant is energy intake OR = 4.026 (95%, CI: 1.211-13.385). The need for early detection and Prevention of wasting in children must be improved through a child growth and Development Monitoring program during monthly weighing activities by posyandu with the support of the public health center.
S-11302
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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