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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik pembelian antibiotika tanpa resep dan hubungan praktik pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep dengan kepatuhan pengobatan dalam menghabiskan antibiotik yang digunakan di beberapa apotek Kecamatan Beji Kota Depok pada tahun 2018.
Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kuantitatif dan dilakukan secara random terhadap responden yang keluar apotek yang menjual antibiotik tanpa resep yang kemudian dihubungi kembali setelah 7 hari untuk mendapatkan data kepatuhan pengobatan dalam menghabiskan antibiotik yang digunakan.
Hasil dari penelitian diantara 109 responden 63,3% membeli antibiotik tanpa resep, 37,6 % tidak menghabiskan antibiotiknya, 82% responden yang memiliki tingkat pendidikan yang rendah melakukan pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep, terdapat perbedaan rata rata nilai pengetahuan, sikap, persepsi dan akses sarana antara yang membeli antibiotik tanpa resep dengan responden yang membeli dengan resep dengan masing-masing nilai p value = 0,016; 0,0005; 0,0005; dan 0.0005. Terdapat 25,5% untuk pengalaman terdahulu dan 47,7% responden yang menjadikan sebagai referensi dan melakukan pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep.
Kesimpulan: Faktor faktor yang berhubungan terhadap pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep adalah pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap, persepsi, akses sarana mendapatkan antibiotik tanpa resep, saran teman dan pengalaman terdahulu, selain itu terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep dengan perilaku tidak menghabiskan antibiotik.
Appropriate and rational use of antibiotic is believed to prevent the occurrence of resistance to antibiotic also affect the success of the treatment of pneumonia patients. The irrational use of antibiotic is thought to also be able to cause lengthening of the length of stay in the hospital, thereby affecting the cost of treating pneumonia patients. Riskesdas data for 2018 showed an increase in the prevalence of pneumonia based on diagnosis by health professionals by 2%, while in 2013 it was 1.8%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the rational use of antibiotic with the clinical outcome of pneumonia patients at the Jakarta Hajj Hospital. This research is a quantitative descriptive-analytic (cross-sectional) study whose data was collected retrospectively using medical records of patients at the Jakarta Hajj Hospital for the period of January 1 2019 to 31 December 2019. Of the 77 samples obtained, 37.7% patients get the right antibiotik, 93.5% of patients get the right dose of antibiotic, 85.7% of patients get antibiotic with the right duration, and 98.7% of patients get antibiotic with the right frequency. Clinical improvement that occurred ≤ fifth day was 88.3% and length of stay ≤ 5 days was 67.5%. The rationality of antibiotik use did not show a significant relationship to clinical outcome (p value > 0.05) and length of stay (p value > 0.05).
The challenges of antimicrobial resistance facing Indonesia are similar to those of many countries in the Asian Region and beyond. The results of a survey on the use of antimicrobials conducted by EXPLAIN * (Exploration of Antimicrobial Consumption to Identify Targets for Quality Improvement in Indonesian Hospitals) in all inpatient wards of Royal Taruma Hospital on 19-22 March 2019, out of 100 patients studied, it was found that 97% of empirical antibiotics were used. consisting of 81% for empiric therapy, 12% for medical prophylaxis, 4% for surgical prophylaxis, with the most common diagnoses for antibiotics being typhoid, pneumonia and dengue fever. 16% of patients without a clear indication received antibiotics. Royal Taruma Hospital in November 2018 formed the PPRA Team to support the national program and reduce the use of irrational antibiotics at the Royal Taruma Hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of PPRA policies on the use of antibiotics at the Royal Taruma Hospital. This research is a descriptive analytical study by analyzing the quantitative use of antibiotics, DDD (Defined daily dosage) / 100 patient-days periodically by taking secondary data from the PPRA Team for the quarterly months of February, May and August 2020. Followed by a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with 14 sources. informants to find out about their perceptions, opinions, thoughts about the use of antibiotics related to the implementation of PPRA policies at Royal Taruma Hospital. From the DDD / 100 patient-days results, the three most widely used antibiotics were Cetriaxon (64.7%), Levofloxacin (20.1%) and Meropenem (6.9%), which belong to the broad-spectrum antibiotic class. Total antibiotic use was 1206.59 DDD / 100 patient-days or in one day there were 12.1 DDD antibiotics used in 100 hospitalized patients with a total length of stay of 5547 days. From the results of the in-depth interview it can be concluded that the implementation of PPRA policies has been implemented but has not run optimally and needs to be further improved
Penggunaan obat yang tidak tepat dan berlebihan dapat mengakibatkan pemborosan sumber daya kesehatan, karena sebagian besar pasien membayar obat dengan biaya pribadi sehingga dapat menyebabkan kerugian biaya dan selain itu dapat menyebabkan reaksi obat yang merugikan dan meningkatkan gangguan kesehatan akibat dari efek samping obat. Selain itu, penggunaan antimikroba yang berlebihan dapat meningkatkan resistensi kuman terhadap obat ( untuk jenis antibiotika ) dan meningkatkan gangguan kesehatan akibat dari efek samping obat. Untuk itu WHO merekomendasikan 12 langkah intervensi untuk lebih meningkatkan penggunaan obat secara rasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang pemahaman penggunaan obat rasional serta penerapan kebijakan RS terhadap 8 dari 12 langkah intervensi yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO untuk lebih meningkatkan penggunaan obat yang rasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan POR sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan, dan dipahami secara keseluruhan dan RSUP Persahabatan telah menerapkan 8 dari 12 langkah rekomendasi WHO untuk lebih meningkatkan pengunaan obat rasional sebesar 70,49%.
Drugs using need to be examined and we also need a correct data of quality and quantity of antibiotic use in order the antibiotic that being recommended by the doctor was safe, rational and effective. Inaccurate drugs using could cost the patient paid more money than he should be and made the patient facing the side effect of the antibiotic that have been given by the doctor, not to mention influencing their own health. Inaccurate antimicrobial using, could increase the resistance of bacteria against the drugs (the antibiotic ones), and also force the patient facing the side effect of the drugs. For those reasons above, WHO recommended 12 steps of intervention promoting rational drugs use. The purpose of this research was to describe the understanding of rational drugs use and also system implementation and hospital policy of eight out of twelve intervention steps recommended by WHO to enhance the rational drugs use. The research result showed that POR policy was so essential, not just to be understood but also need to be properly and entirely done. They already implemented 8 of 12 steps to promoting rational use of medicine and show the number of 70,49%.
