Tren cakupan ASI eksklusif di Indonesia masih belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi kunjungan antenatal care (ANC) sesuai standar dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada ibu dengan bayi usia 0–23 bulan berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan analisis regresi Cox untuk menghitung prevalence ratio (PR) dan mengontrol variabel kovariat. Hasil menunjukkan proporsi ASI eksklusif pada bayi usia 0–5 bulan sebesar 47,10%, dan pada kelompok usia 6–23 bulan sebesar 64,90%, dengan 2,52% di antaranya mengalami keterlambatan pemberian MPASI. Kunjungan ANC ≥6 kali berhubungan signifikan dengan praktik ASI eksklusif pada bayi usia 0–5 bulan (PR adj: 3,01; 95% CI: 2,12–4,27), namun tidak signifikan pada usia 6–23 bulan. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya edukasi menyusui berkelanjutan sejak kehamilan dan perlunya penguatan indikator pengukuran waktu pemberian MPASI dalam surveilans nasional. 

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The exclusive breastfeeding coverage trend in Indonesia remains suboptimal. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the frequency of standardized antenatal care (ANC) visits and the practices of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with infants aged 0–23 months. This investigation utilized the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI) to conduct its analysis. This cross-sectional study employed modified Cox regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and adjusted for covariates. The results indicated that 47.10% of infants aged 0–5 months were exclusively breastfed, and 64.90% of those aged 6–23 months had a history of exclusive breastfeeding, with 2.52% experiencing delayed complementary feeding. A significant association was identified between ANC visits with a p-value of at least 6 and exclusive breastfeeding in the 0–5 months group (PR adj: 3.01; 95% CI: 2.12–4.27). However, no such association was observed in the 6–23 months group. These findings underscore the necessity for the incorporation of sustained breastfeeding education initiatives beginning in pregnancy, along with the integration of MPASI timing into national monitoring indicators.

Indonesia menargetkan penurunan stunting menjadi 14,2% pada 2029. Namun, upaya tersebut masih menghadapi tantangan besar berupa kompleksitas beban ganda malnutrisi serta praktik pemberian makan pada anak usia 6-23 bulan yang belum optimal. Pada tingkat individu, seorang anak bisa mengalami lebih dari satu masalah malnutrisi sekaligus atau disebut dengan malnutrisi ganda. Belum banyak studi yang mengkaji malnutrisi ganda pada tingkat individu di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan praktik pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) dengan malnutrisi ganda pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan data sekunder Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2022. Malnutrisi ganda yang dikaji adalah kombinasi stunting-wasting (pendek dan gizi kurang) dan stunting-overweight (pendek dan gizi lebih), sedangkan praktik MP-ASI dikaji berdasarkan indikator Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA) dari WHO dan UNICEF. Data dari total 69.884 anak dianalisis untuk analisis stunting-wasting dan 72.158 anak untuk analisis stunting-overweight setelah kelengkapan data diperiksa dan nilai ekstrem dikeluarkan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik ganda untuk mendapatkan nilai adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi stunting-wasting dan stunting-overweight secara berturut-turut sebesar 2,7% dan 0,7%. Sebanyak 50,9% anak memenuhi minimum keragaman makanan, 83,5% anak memenuhi minimum frekuensi makan, 45,3% anak memenuhi standar minimum konsumsi makan, 72,5% anak mengonsumsi ikan, telur, atau daging, 24,9% anak mengonsumsi minuman manis, serta 21,6% anak tidak mengonsumsi buah dan sayur sama sekali. Indikator konsumsi minuman manis serta zero konsumsi buah dan sayur berhubungan signifikan terhadap kedua bentuk malnutrisi ganda. Anak yang tidak mengonsumsi minuman manis memiliki penurunan risiko stunting-wasting sebesar 10% (aPOR: 0,90; 95% CI: 0,81–0,996) dan stunting-overweight sebesar 31% (aPOR: 0,69; 95% CI: 0,57–0,84) dibandingkan anak yang mengonsumsi minuman manis. Anak yang mengonsumsi buah dan sayur memiliki penurunan risiko stunting-wasting sebesar 20% (aPOR: 0,80; 95% CI: 0,71–0,90) dan stunting-overweight sebesar 29% (aPOR: 0,71; 95% CI: 0,57–0,89) dibandingkan anak yang tidak mengonsumsi buah dan sayur sama sekali. Temuan tersebut menekankan pentingnya peningkatan keragaman dan kualitas MP-ASI dan makanan dalam program pemberian makan anak yang dilakukan pemerintah disertai perluasan edukasi dan penguatan sistem label gizi pada minuman manis untuk mencegah malnutrisi ganda pada anak.

Indonesia has targeted a reduction in stunting prevalence to 14,2% in 2029. However, this effort still faces major challenges such as the complexity of the double burden of malnutrition and suboptimal feeding practices during the first 1000 days of life. At individual level, a child can experience more than one malnutrition problem at once, which called the double burden of malnutrition. Limited studies have examined the double burden of malnutrition at individual level in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the association of complementary feeding practices and the double burden of malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2022 Indonesia Nutritional Status Survey. The double burden of malnutrition was assessed in forms of coexisting stunting-wasting and stunting-overweight, while complementary feeding practices was measured based on WHO and UNICEF IYCF indicators. A total of 69.884 children were analyzed for stunting-wasting and 72.158 children for stunting-overweight after meeting data completeness and no extreme values. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimated asjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR). This study found the prevalence of stunting-wasting and stunting-overweight was 2.7% and 0.7%, respectively. Among the children, 50.9% met the minimum dietary diversity (MDD), 83.5% met the minimum meal frequency (MMF), 45.3% met the minimum acceptable diet (MAD), 72.5% consumed eggs and flesh foods (EFF), 24.9% consumed sweet beverages (SwB), and 21.6% had zero consumption of fruits and vegetables (ZVF). SwB and ZVF indicators were significantly associated with both forms of the double burden of malnutrition. Children who did not consume sweet beverages had a 10% lower risk of stunting-wasting (aPOR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81–0.996) and a 31% lower risk of stunting-overweight (aPOR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.84) compared to children who consume sweet beverages. Meanwhile, children who consumed fruits and vegetables had a 20% lower risk of stunting-wasting (aPOR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71–0.90) and a 29% lower risk of stunting-overweight (aPOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57–0.89) than those with zero intake of fruits and vegetables. These findings highlight the importance of improving the diversity and quality of foods provided in government programs, along with strengthening nutrition education and sweet beverages nutrition labeling policies to prevent the double burden of malnutrition among children.