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Diabetes is one of the leading death causes in the world. Indonesia is one of the highestrates of death caused by diabetes. Physical activity is one of the modifiable diabetes riskfactors. This study focuses on understanding association of physical activity in differencelevels and diabetes after being controlled by confounding variables. This study is ananalysis of Indonesian Family Life Survey Tahun 2014 (IFLS 2014). Researchmethodology in this study is cross-sectional with multivariate analysis. After beingcontrolled by residential area variable, moderate physical activity (OR = 1,62 CI 95%1,21 - 2,18) and low physical activity (OR = 1,94 CI 95% = 1,47 - 2,56) have higher riskcompared to high physical activity for diabetes. Health interventions that are feasible tobe executed are synergy between all departments and government bodies, the privatesector, non-profit, and BPJS Kesehatan (National Health Insurance) for optimization ofphysical activity program that is suitable for urban lifestyle and encouraging adequateinfrastructures and facilities for people in urban areas to be able to do moderate until highphysical activity.Key words:Diabetes, physical acitivity, IFLS 2014, cross-sectiona.
Kata kunci: tumor payudara, riwayat reproduksi, hormonal, estrogen, cross-sectional
Neoplasm or tumor generally means an abnormal cell growth in the body. Breast tumors can be a risk factor for breast cancer which is the most common cancer in women. The incindence increases every year in Indonesia. At present, breast tumors do not only attack the elderly, but also at young age. Some studies show factors associated with breast tumors. Therefore, this study aimed to study the association of the reproductive history with tumor incidence in young women in Indonesia in 2016. This study used a crosssectional study design using secondary data from the Riset PTM 2016 (Noncommunicable Disease Research 2016). The sample was 14,891 respondents aged under 40 years who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables used in this study were independent variables consisting of age of menarche, age of first birth, marital status, breasfeeding history, the use of hormonal contraception; and the dependent variable is the incidence of breast tumors. The results showed an association between menarche age (OR = 1,294), marital status (OR = 1,568), age of first birth (OR = 1,570), breasteeding history (OR = 1,422), and the use of hormonal contraception (OR = 0,721) with breast tumors in young women in Indonesia This can be caused by the role of estrogen and progesterone reproductive hormones that result excessive proliferation.
Keywords: breast tumors, reproductive history, hormones, estrogen, cross-sectional
ABSTRAK Nama : Lia Hapsari Andayani NPM : 1506784984 Program Studi : Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul : Determinan Kejadian Penyakit Periodontal Pada Masa Kehamilan di Indonesia Tahun 2013 (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2013) Perubahan hormonal yang terjadi pada seorang wanita pada masa kehamilan dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan jaringan periodontal. Peningkatan kadar estrogen dan progesteron mengubah komposisi bakteri, permeabilitas pembuluh darah, dan kondisi fisiologi jaringan periodontal, sehingga wanita hamil rentan mengalami penyakit periodontal. Penyakit periodontal dapat menyebabkan tanggalnya gigi, komplikasi kehamilan, dan peningkatan risiko penyakit sistemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sosial demografi, faktor kehamilan, faktor perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut, serta faktor lokal terhadap kejadian penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan di Indonesia tahun 2013. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang. Sebanyak 1733 wanita hamil diambil sebagai sampel dari data Riskesdas tahun 2013. Uji statistik menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Prevalensi penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan di Indonesia sebesar 4,4%. Faktor lokal yang mempengaruhi terjadinya penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan adalah karang gigi (POR 4,297; 95%CI : 2,047 – 9,023) dan gigi berjejal (POR 2,126 ; 95%CI :1,232 – 3,669). Faktor perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang mempengaruhi terjadinya penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan adalah frekuensi menyikat gigi (POR 2,543; 95%CI : 1,041 – 6,210). Tenaga medis harus berkerja sama dan merumuskan kebijakan mengenai perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut selama masa kehamilan. Penyuluhan tentang konsep menyikat gigi yang baik, serta keamanan tindakan pembersihan karang gigi selama masa kehamilan sangat diperlukan. Kata kunci : penyakit periodontal, kehamilan, karang gigi
ABSTRACT Name : Lia Hapsari Andayani Student Num : 1506784984 Program : Epidemiology Tittle : Determinants For Peridontal Disease in Pregnancy in Indonesia 2013 (Riskesdas 2013 Data Analysis) Hormonal changes that occur in a woman during pregnancy can affect the health of periodontal tissue. Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone alter bacterial composition, permeability of blood vessels, and periodontal tissue’s condition so that pregnant women are susceptible to periodontal disease. Periodontal disease may cause tooth loss, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and increased risk of systemic disease. This study aims to determine the relationship of socio-demographic, pregnancy, oral health behavior and local factors with periodontal disease during pregnancy in Indonesia in 2013. This is a cross-sectional study involved 1733 pregnant women that was retrieved from Riskesdas 2013 data. Statistical test using multiple logistic regression. Periodontal disease was present in 4,4% pregnant women. Local factors that affect the occurrence of periodontal disease during pregnancy are calculus (POR 4,297; 95%CI : 2,047 – 9,023) and tooth crowding (POR 2,126 ; 95%CI :1,232 – 3,669). Dental and oral health behavior factor that affect the occurrence of periodontal disease during pregnancy is toothbrushing frequency (POR 2,543; 95%CI : 1,041 – 6,210). It is necessary to build good cooperation between medical professionals and dentists to provide oral health service during ante natal care. Introducing the right toothbrushing concept and the safety of calculus removal during pregnancy is recomended. Keyword : periodontal disease, pregnancy, calculus
Background: Pneumonia is one of the biggest causes of under-five deaths in Indonesia with 2,200 under-five deaths per day. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) immunization is the most effective preventive measure against childhood pneumonia. Since its introduction in 2017 in Lombok and 2019 in Bangka Belitung, PCV immunization has been gradually expanded to several provinces and was officially included in the national routine immunization program in September 2022. However, by the end of 2023, complete PCV immunization coverage among children in Indonesia will only reach 62.7%, far below the national target (100%). This study aimed to analyze the association between predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors with PCV immunization completeness among children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with total sampling obtained 9,675 children aged 12-23 months who were respondents of SKI 2023. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and simple logistic regression. Results: The national complete PCV immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months was 32.1%. Factors significantly associated with PCV immunization completeness are having easy access to health facilities (OR = 7.71; 95% CI = 5.54-10.73), having complete basic immunization status (OR = 5.87; 95% CI = 5.29-6.51), living in Lesser Sunda Island (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 2.03-3.56), was born assisted by a health worker (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.23-5.58), had an immunization record (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.92-2.47), and was born in a health facility (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.76-2.60). Conclusion: The large odds ratio for children with easy access to health facilities implies that each local government needs to reduce disparities in access to health services such as adding health infrastructure in areas with difficult access and providing transportation subsidies or mobile immunization services for people from hard-to-reach areas.
