Hypertension or high blood pressure is a condition when a person's blood pressure exceeds normal limits. According to Riskesdas’s data in 2018, the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia reached 34.1%. This figure increased from the previous year, which was 25.8%. Consumption patterns of risky foods such as excess sodium consumption are risk factors for hypertension. One source of sodium comes from instant food. This study aims to determine the relationship between the frequency of instant food consumption and the incidence of hypertension in people aged ≥ 18 years in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design. The data source used is the 2018 Riskesdas’s secondary data. The research respondents were residents in Indonesia aged ≥18 years. There were 384,556 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the results of the analysis, the prevalence of hypertension was 29.8%. and the proportion of frequency of instant food consumption is 22.1%. There is a significant relationship between the frequency of instant food consumption and hypertension. The group that has a frequent frequency of consuming instant food is 0.78 times (PR=0.785; 95%CI=0.773—0.797) more likely to experience hypertension than the group that has a rare frequency. It was concluded that there is a relationship between the frequency of instant food consumption and the incidence of hypertension in people aged ≥ 18 years in Indonesia.

Diabetes merupakan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat, termasuk di Indonesia, di mana prevalensinya mencapai 11,7% pada SKI 2023. Prediabetes sebagai kondisi awal sebelum diabetes menjadi perhatian global karena prevalensinya yang lebih tinggi dan potensi berkembang cepat menjadi diabetes tipe 2. Fenomena gaya hidup sedentari yang meluas turut memperburuk risiko ini karena berhubungan erat dengan kurangnya aktivitas fisik, faktor risiko utama diabetes dan penyakit tidak menular lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi prediabetes dan menganalisis hubungan kurang aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian prediabetes setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat seperti usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, penyakit penyerta, pola konsumsi makanan, dan kebiasaan merokok. Desain studi cross sectional dari data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Prevalensi Prediabetes pada populasi usia dewasa 18-59 tahun di Indonesia adalah 42,91% dan sebesar 39,77% terjadi pada kelompok kurang aktivitas fisik. Analisis multivariat dengan uji cox’s regression menunjukkan hampir tidak ada perbedaan risiko kejadian prediabetes pada kurang aktivitas fisik dibandingkan aktivitas fisik cukup (PR 0,96; 95% CI : 0,91 – 1,01). Tingginya prevalensi prediabetes pada kelompok usia produktif diharapkan dapat membrikan motivasi untuk meningkatkan frekuensi dan durasi aktivitas fisik minimal 150 menit per minggu serta rutin melakukan deteksi dini prediabetes

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Diabetes is a non-communicable disease with a continuously increasing prevalence, including in Indonesia, where the prevalence reached 11.7% according to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Prediabetes, as a precursor condition to diabetes, has garnered global attention due to its higher prevalence and the rapid progression potential to type 2 diabetes. The widespread sedentary lifestyle phenomenon further exacerbates this risk, as it is strongly associated with insufficient physical activity, a major risk factor for diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. This study aims to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and analyze the association between insufficient physical activity and prediabetes incidence after controlling for covariates such as age, sex, education, comorbidities, dietary patterns, and smoking habits. This cross-sectional study utilizes secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The results indicate a prediabetes prevalence of 42.91% in the adult population aged 18-59 years in Indonesia, with 39.77% occurring in the insufficient physical activity group. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression showed almost no difference in prediabetes risk between the insufficient physical activity and sufficient physical activity groups (PR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91–1.01). The high prevalence of prediabetes in the productive age group is expected to motivate increased frequency and duration of physical activity to a minimum of 150 minutes per week and regular early detection of prediabetes.