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Keywords: Hypertension, Fast Food, Soft Drink, Meat and IFLS-5.
Kata kunci : Stroke¸ Penderita Hipertensi, Perdesaan, Dewasa, Indonesia, Riskesdas
Stroke was recorded as the second-highest mortality cause at the age of 45- 54 years in rural areas of Indonesia. Stroke is multicausal brain function disorder due to vascular abnormalities. This study aimed to determine the frequency and determinants of stroke based on risk factors in hypertensive patients aged ≥ 45 years in rural areas of Indonesia. This study is a further analysis of the Riskesdas 2013 data which used cross-sectional study design. The sample of this study is hypertensive patients who aged ≥ 45 years old and lived in rural areas. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of stroke in adult hypertensive patients in rural areas amounted to 5.3%. The highest prevalence of stroke was found in North Maluku province (7.2%) and the lowest in Papua province (1.7%). In the studied variables, gender, stress, physical activity, consumption of anti-hypertensive drugs, smoking and education have relation to the prevalence of stroke in adult hypertensive patients (≥ 45 years) in rural areas of Indonesia.
Keywords : Stroke¸ Hypertensive Patient, Rural, Adult, Indonesia, Riskesdas
Kata kunci : HIV, Penasun, sharing needle, pasangan seks, kondom, IMS.
HIV infection cases keep increasing and have been inestmated infecting 36.7 million people in the world and 2 million among them are children below 15 years old. The high prevallence rate of HI among IDUs indiacted IDU is important HIV key population in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to know determinant affecting HIV infection among IDUs in Indonesia in year 2015 by using secondary data of IBBS (STBP) among IDUs in 6 big cities done by Ministry of Health (Kemkes RI). In IBBS/STBP study about 1231 IDUs were interviewed and taken their blood samples. In study we used multivariate analysis using Cox regrssion analiysis and found that the HIV prevalence rate was 28.8%. About 55,2% have shared needles, 90,7% have used already used needles, 35% have been following methadone substitution therapy. From this study we also found that having IDUs sex partner increased risk to get HIV infection for about 2,22 times as compared those did not have (95% CI of PR: 1,152- 4,281, p-value=0,017), Self perception that ones being at risk of HIV increased risk to get HIV infection 1,68 times (95% CI 1,176-2,406, nilai p=0,004), sharing needle increased risk to get infected by HIV 1,90 times (95% CI 0,68-5,35), status of Sifilis infection and STI (sexual transmitted infection) both increased risk 1,2 times and condom use had protective effect and showed signficant association (p-value=0,006). HIV control programs in Indonesia were expected to be more focus on intervention toward key population of IDUs in areas of education to increase knowledge of HIV, therapy and behavior intervention.
Kata kunci : HIV, IDUs, sharing needle, sex partners, condom, STI.
Citicoline is the most widely used neuroprotective to repair neurological deficit inischemic stroke patients, however the effectiveness of citicoline is stillcontroversial and raise arguments against scientific research because it providedheterogeneous results.The objectives of the study are to identify citicoline effecton neurological function improvement using The National Institute of HealthStroke Scale (NIHSS) and functional ability improvement using Barthel Index(BI) in the treatment of ischemic stroke patients at 18 hospitals involved inIndonesia stroke registry. The design of this study is retrospective cohort studyusing stroke registry data. Improvement of neurological function assessed bychanges of NIHSS score >2 and improvement of functional ability assesed bychanges of Barthel Index score > 20 as measured at the time of admission anddischarge of the hospital.The result shows that the probability of functionalneurological improvement on citicoline treatment group is higher than nociticoline treatment group with adjusted RR by neurorestoration is 1,34 (95% CI1.058 to 1.658, p=0,0014). There is no difference of functional abilityimprovement between citicoline and no citicoline treatment group, with adjustedRR by neurorestoration is 1.07 (CI95% 0.879 to 1.293; p=0,53).Keywords : Barthel Index; Citicoline; Ischemic stroke; NIHSS.
Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), sekitar 12,2 juta kasus baru stroke terjadi setiap tahun secara global, dan lebih dari 6,5 juta orang meninggal akibat stroke setiap tahunnya. Di Indonesia, berdasarkan hasil Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023, prevalensi stroke pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun tercatat sebesar 1,32%, dengan proporsi lebih tinggi pada laki-laki dan kelompok usia lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipertensi, diabetes melitus dengan kejadian stroke pada penduduk DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan data SKI 2023. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi logistik multivariat dengan dua pendekatan yaitu, variabel hipertensi self-reported dan menggunakan hasil pengukuran tekanan darah pada 8.942 responden menggunakan pendekatan non-weighted pada multivariat. Hasil multivariat baik pendekatan self- report maupun hasil pengukuran hipertensi menjadi faktor risiko terkuat penyebab stroke dengan (OR = 13,09; 95% CI: 7,06–24,28; p < 0,001) dan (OR = 6,13; 95% CI: 2,62–14,31; p < 0,001), Laki-laki memiliki risiko stroke 2 kali lipat dibanding perempuan (p = 0,005). Usia ≥60 tahun memiliki OR tertinggi yaitu 9,09 (95% CI: 3,38–24,44; p < 0,001). Diabetes hanya signifikan dalam model pengukuran dengan OR = 6,59 (p < 0,001), untuk aktivitas fisik terbukti protektif. Dapat disimpulkan hipertensi baik berdasarkan self-report maupun hasil pengukuran merupakan prediktor kuat kejadian stroke. Aktivitas fisik memiliki efek protektif yang signifikan. Penggunaan data tekanan darah terukur memberikan estimasi risiko yang lebih konservatif namun stabil. Hasil ini menegaskan pentingnya deteksi dini hipertensi dan promosi aktivitas fisik dalam strategi pencegahan stroke.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 12.2 million new cases of stroke occur globally each year, with over 6.5 million deaths attributed to stroke annually. In Indonesia, based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of stroke among individuals aged ≥15 years was recorded at 1.32%, with higher proportions among males and the elderly population. This study aimed to determine the association between hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke among residents of DKI Jakarta. This was an analytical cross-sectional study using SKI 2023 data, involving 8,942 respondents. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted using two approaches: self-reported hypertension and measured blood pressure. Both models were analyzed without weighting. The results showed that hypertension was the strongest risk factor for stroke, both in the self-reported model (OR = 13.09; 95% CI: 7.06–24.28; p < 0.001) and the measured blood pressure model (OR = 6.13; 95% CI: 2.62–14.31; p < 0.001). Males had twice the risk of stroke compared to females (p = 0.005). Individuals aged ≥60 years had the highest risk (OR = 9.09; 95% CI: 3.38–24.44; p < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with stroke only in the model using measured blood pressure (OR = 6.59; p < 0.001). Physical activity was found to have a significant protective effect. In conclusion, hypertension—both self-reported and based on measured blood pressure is a strong predictor of stroke. Physical activity plays a significant protective role. Using objectively measured blood pressure yields a more conservative but stable risk estimate. These findings underscore the importance of early hypertension detection and the promotion of physical activity in stroke prevention strategies.
ABSTRAK Nama : Yatinawati Program Studi : Epidemiologi Judul : “Determinan Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian HIV Pada LSL Di 6 Kota Indonesia Tahun 2015 (Analisis Data Surveilans Terpadu Biologis Dan Perilaku Tahun 2015)” Pembimbing : dr. Syachrizal Syarif, MPH, PhD HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) adalah virus yang data menginfeksi sel pada system kekebalan tubuh yang dapat menghancurkan atau merusak fungsinya. Infeksi dari virus ini berkaitan pada kerusakan progresif dari sistem kekebalan tubuh yang dapat mengarah pada defisiensi imun. Kasus HIV pada LSL mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2007 yaitu 5,35% tahun 2013 menjadi 17,29%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui determinan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian HIV pada LSL di Indonesia Tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan analisis cox regression yang mana untuk melihat seberapa besar dampak yang ditimbulkan pada faktor risiko HIV. Sampel minimal dalam penelitian ini adalah 690 sampel. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah status Sifilis, Gonore atau Klamidia berhubungan dengan kejadian HIV p-value < 0,05. Hal ini dapat diharapkan pada LSL terkait risiko perilaku seks rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan terutama yang memiliki gejala penyakit sifilis, gonorre dan klamidia. Kata kunci: HIV, LSL, Sifiis, Gonore, Klamidia
ABSTRACT Name :Yatinawati Program Studi : Epidemiology Title :“Determinants Associated With HIV Occurrence In Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) At 6 Cities Indonesia Year 2015 (Integrated Data Surveillance Analysis Biological And Behavior Year 2015" Counselor : dr. Syachrizal Syarif, MPH, PhD HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that data infects cells in the immune system that can destroy or menggukan its function. Infection of this virus issued a disturbance of the immune system that can lead to immune deficiency. HIV cases in MSM compared to the year 2007 that is 5 , 35% in 2013 to 17.29%. The purpose of this study was to determine what is related to the incidence of HIV in MSM in Indonesia Year 2015. This study used a cross sectional design with regression analysis which is to see the determinant factors. The minimum sample in this study was 690 samples. The results of this study were history sifilis, gonorrhea or chlamydia disease associated with p-value HIV incidence <0.05. This can be done on MSM who are associated with routine health checks that have a history history sifilis, gonorrhea or clamidya disease. Keywords: HIV, MSM, Sifilis, Gonorrhea or Chlamydia
Bankground: Cardiovascular disease, including stroke, is a major health problem in the world. Every year, there are more than 13.7 million new cases and 5.5 million deaths from stroke that occur globally. Based on Riskesdas data in 2018, the prevalence of stroke in Indonesia reached 10.9 per mile. In DKI Jakarta Province, the prevalence of stroke based on doctor's diagnosis increased from 9.7 per mile (2013) to 12.2 per mile (2018). Based on IDF data in 2019, the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia reached 10.7 million cases and made Indonesia the country with the seventh most cases globally. In addition, according to the Health Social Security Administration (BPJS), the funds used for stroke services continued to increase, namely 1.43 trillion (2016), 2.18 trillion (2017) and 2.56 trillion (2018) and decreased to 2. 1 Trillion (2020). Although there is a decline in 2020, stroke is still ranked third as a provider of BPJS social security funds. Diabetes mellitus which is a risk factor for stroke has increased prevalence in DKI Jakarta Province from 2.5% (2013) to 3.4% (2018). Objective: To determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the incidence of stroke in the population aged 18 years. In DKI Jakarta Province in 2018. Methods: The study was conducted with quantitative methods and used an analytical cross-sectional study. The data source used in this study is secondary data from Riskesdas 2018. There are 1,537 samples analyzed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on the results of the analysis, the prevalence of stroke was 1.6% and type 2 diabetes mellitus was 7.7%. There is a significant relationship between the variables of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the incidence of stroke. In addition, covariate variables such as age (POR=5.26; 95%CI: 2.28-12.12), occupation (POR=2.63; 95%CI: 1.12-6.19), hypertension ( POR=9.52; 95%CI: 2.83-32.06), and heart disease (POR=5.30; 95%CI: 1.75-16.04) were also significantly associated with the incidence of stroke. Based on the stratification analysis, it was found that the variables that became the interaction effect (modification) were education, hypertension, and heart disease. Meanwhile, the confounding variables were age, education, hypertension, and heart disease. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor to consider in the prevention and control of stroke in Indonesia.
