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Penelitian ini menganalisis utilisasi layanan rujukan peserta JKN dengan diagnosis TB di FKTP berdasarkan data sampel BPJS kesehatan Kontekstual TB pada FKTP tahun 2019–2023. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan total sampling. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil dari penelitian ini sebanyak 36,5% kunjungan dirujuk, dengan peserta PBI lebih aktif dibanding non-PBI. Faktor predisposisi seperti usia (anak 0–14 tahun lebih sering dirujuk), jenis kelamin (laki-laki lebih tinggi), status perkawinan, dan wilayah FKTP memengaruhi rujukan. Faktor enabling seperti jenis dan tipe FKTP juga berperan; Puskesmas menangani banyak kasus, namun Klinik Pratama dan Dokter Umum lebih sering merujuk. Poli umum memiliki tingkat rujukan lebih tinggi dibanding poli TB dan paru.
This study analyzes the utilization of referral services by JKN participants diagnosed with TB at FKTP based on BPJS Health sample data on TB context at FKTP from 2019 to 2023. This study is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. Data collection used total sampling. The analysis employed in this study includes univariate and bivariate analysis. The results show that 36,5% of participants utilized referrals, with PBI participants more active than non-PBI. Predisposing factors such as age (children 0–14 years are referred more often), gender (males higher), marital status, and FKTP region influenced referrals. Enabling factors such as FKTP type and category also played a role; Puskesmas handled most cases, but Primary Clinics and General Practitioners referred patients more frequently. General outpatient clinics had higher referral rates compared to TB and pulmonary clinics.
Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) merupakan penyebab kematian keempat tertinggi di dunia, dengan total sekitar 3,5 juta kematian pada tahun 2021 menurut data WHO. Jumlah ini setara dengan 5% dari seluruh kematian global. Di Indonesia, PPOK termasuk dalam 20 besar penyakit dengan kunjungan rawat jalan tingkat lanjut (RJTL) terbanyak berdasarkan ICD selama delapan tahun terakhir, dari 2017 hingga 2024. Mengingat PPOK adalah penyakit kronis yang membutuhkan penanganan jangka panjang dan stabil, integrasi layanan primer dan lanjutan menjadi kunci keberhasilan pengelolaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan tingkat primer dan lanjutan oleh peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) yang menderita PPOK di Indonesia, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya berdasarkan karakteristik predisposisi, kemampuan, dan sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2024. Total sampel yang dianalisis adalah 5.281 sebelum pembobotan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan tabulasi silang, uji chi-square, dan regresi logistik multinomial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan oleh penderita PPOK didominasi oleh layanan tingkat primer (73,3%). Pemanfaatan layanan tingkat lanjut saja lebih tinggi (16%) dibandingkan dengan integrasi layanan primer dan lanjutan (10,6%). Ditemukan bahwa karakteristik predisposisi, kemampuan, dan sistem pelayanan kesehatan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pola pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan tingkat primer dan lanjutan pada penderita PPOK di Indonesia. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya penguatan pelayanan penapisan dan program rujuk balik (PRB), penerapan pendekatan pelayanan yang holistik, serta integrasi yang lebih kuat antara layanan primer dan lanjutan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penatalaksanaan PPOK.
Kata kunci: Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK), Utilisasi Pelayanan Kesehatan, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death globally, with approximately 3.5 million deaths reported in 2021, according to WHO data. This figure accounts for around 5% of all global deaths. In Indonesia, COPD has consistently ranked among the top 20 diseases with the highest number of advanced outpatient visits (RJTL) based on ICD data from 2017 to 2024. Given that COPD is a chronic condition requiring long-term and stable management, integration between primary care services and advanced care services is essential to ensure comprehensive disease management. This study aims to examine the pattern of primary and advanced healthcare service utilization among participants of the National Health Insurance (JKN) who suffer from COPD in Indonesia, and to identify influencing factors based on predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, and the healthcare system. The research used a quantitative cross-sectional design, utilizing the 2024 Sample Data from BPJS Kesehatan. A total of 5,281 samples were analyzed prior to weighting. Data analysis was conducted using cross-tabulation, chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regression. The findings reveal that healthcare service utilization by COPD patients is predominantly at the primary care level (73.3%). The utilization of advanced care services alone (16%) was higher than the integrated healthcare services (10.6%). It was also found that predisposing characteristics, enabling factors, and the healthcare system were significantly associated with the pattern of healthcare utilization among COPD patients in Indonesia. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening early diagnostic capacity for COPD at primary healthcare facilities, implementing a holistic service approach, and enhancing integration between primary and advanced care to improve the effectiveness of COPD management. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening screening services and the Back Referral Program (PRB), implementing a holistic approach to care, and fostering stronger integration between primary and secondary care services to enhance the effectiveness of COPD management.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) poses a significant financial burden, making the utilization of Advanced Outpatient Services (AOS) crucial, especially for National Health Insurance (JKN) participants. This cross sectional study involved 498 CKD patients who used AOS in 2023. The results showed that age, sex, marital status, membership segmentation, class of care entitlement, and facility ownership were significantly associated with AOS utilization (p<0.05). Age ≥65 years was the most dominant factor (AOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.29–1.69). All variables had a significant influence on the utilization of AOS among CKD patients.
Kata kunci: Utilisasi, rawat inap, JKN
This study aims to find out how to use JKN Participants inpatients in West Java Province in 2016 which are used in hospitals or FKRTL. This research is a quantitative cross sectional study by processing secondary data that can be obtained from the Sample Data of BPJS Kesehatan for 2015-2016. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling, that is all inpatient data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 in the area of West Java Province were used as samples in the study. The results showed that the use of hospitalization was mostly accessed by elderly age participants (7.88%), female sex (7.23%), divorced marital status (8.02%), history of the disease (PM & PTM) (23,98%), type of health facility Puskesmas (4.66%), PBPU membership segmentation (11.02%), nursing class Class 1 (10.21%), residential areas in Region II Purwakarta (7.30%) and city residence (9.15%). The most dominant variable related to the incidence of hospitalization is the history of the disease.
Key words: Utilization, inpatient, JKN
This study aims to determine how the determinants of inpatient utilization of JKN participants in the elderly who are cardiovascular patients in the DI Yogyakarta Province based on BPJS Sample Data in 2019. This study used a cross-sectional design to obtain variables that affect the inpatient utilization of JKN participants in the elderly who are cardiovascular patients and analysis is limited to 192 total samples with the chi-square analysis test. The sampling technique used the total sampling technique and was in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the 192 total samples, respondents who utilized inpatient facilities the most were in the male gender (61.0%), pre-elderly age group (45-59 years) (69.8%), has unmarried status (66.7%), residing in the Gunungkidul Regency (84.6%), FKTP puskemas (61.3%), public sector (64.3%), PBI APBD participant (100.0%), nursing class I and II (100.0%), and had no comorbidities (75.6%). Variables that have a significant relationship with the use of RITL are age characteristics, area of residence (Gunungkidul Regency and Bantul Regency), membership segments (PBI APBD and PBI APBN), nursing class (class III), and comorbidities. The study also represented that PBI JKN is able to increase access to the poor citizen.
This study aims to determine the factors related to the utilization of advanced inpatient care (RITL) in FKRTL by JKN participants in the North Sulawesi Province in the year both before the COVID-19 pandemic (2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional study design using secondary data in the form of BPJS Health Sample Data 2019-2020. The sample obtained came from the total sampling method, so that samples that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be included. The total sample obtained in 2019 was 24,748, while the total sample obtained in 2020 was 25,902 participants. The relationship test was analyzed through the Single Logistic Regression test. The results of the study show that overall there is a decrease in inpatient utilization after the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. RITL services both before the COVID-19 pandemic (2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) were widely accessed by participants in the elderly group (7.39% and 4.13%), women (6.49% and 4. 46%), the group of participants with divorced status (12.16% and 6.58%), the group of wives (7.44% and 6.06%), the group of participants with a history of PM and PTM (11.36% and 7, 78%), the right to care class I (7.67% and 6.54%), the PBPU segmentation group (9.66% and 8.53%), the group who had accessed outpatient care in FKTP (9.09% and 5.89%) and FKRTL (17.51% and 10.85%), participants registered in clinic type FKTP (8.04% and 6.64%), participants registered in privately owned FKTP (7.19% and 5.84%, and the group of participants who live in cities (6.03% and 4.20%). All variables have a significant relationship with RITL utilization both before the COVID-19 pandemic or during the COVID-19 pandemic.