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International Diabetes Federation in 2013 states that Indonesia including 10diabetics in the world and is expected to increase rapidly. 55% of people withdiabetes do not know that they are affected by diabetes mellitus.Prevalensi largestprovince were based in Jakarta with 2.6%. Pasar Rebo Public Health Centerlocated in Jakarta, is a province of Indonesia highest diabetes prevalence byprovince. This thesis aims to determine the risk factors associated with theincidence of diabetes mellitus in Pasar Rebo Public Health Center in 2014. Studydesign used was a quantitative study with case-control methods. The number ofsamples in this study were 80 people with 40 cases and 40 controls. Independentvariables in this study are the factors of age, education, occupation, bloodpressure, nutritional status, smoking habits, family history of diabetes, the patternof consumption of fruits and vegetables, foods high in sugar consumptionpatterns, and physical activity. The dependent variable is diabetes mellitus. Datawere collected in March 2014, using primary data. Significant risk factors wereage (OR = 3.4 p = 0.04), employment (OR = 3.5 p = 0.01), and nutritional status(OR = 5.12 p = 0.004).Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, risk factors, case control
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan disain cross-sectional. Sebanyak 26.301 Penduduk 40-65 tahun menjadi sampel pada penelitian ini. Data diperoleh dari Mandat Litbangkes RI dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik.
Hasil : Risiko TB Paru 4,8 kali lebih besar pada penduduk 40-65 tahun yang memiliki riwayat diabetes mellitus dibandingkan dengan tidak memiliki riwyat diabetes mellitus (POR=4,8 : 95% CI 2,2-10,6).
Kesimpulan : Kolaborasi antar layanan termasuk didalamnya skrining (Diabetes Mellitus dan TB Paru) diperlukan untuk mengurangi prevalensi dari kedua penyakit dengan didukung penyusunan peraturan/pedoman standard antar layanan di FKTP serta pertimbangan pemberian profilaksis PP INH pada penderita diabetes mellitus perlu dipertimbangkan
Introduction : Indonesia is the third rank of the highest number cases of tuberculosis. On average 90% of those infected with M and only 10% develop active tuberculosis after infection (WHO, 2018). Diabetes attacked 382 million in 2013 and will be predicted increase to 592 million by 2035. When diabetes spreads, it will cause more people infected tuberculosis (Lönnroth, 2014). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus increases with age, especially in populations over 40 years due to the development of glucose intolerance. Therefore, it is necessary to do research to determine the risk of diabetes mellitus against pulmonary tuberculosis in the population of 40-65 years by considering the contributory factors (potential confounder) which are also related to the prevalence of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus.
Method: This study used cross-sectional design. Sample were 26,301 respondents of 40- 65 years. Data was obtained from the Indonesian Litbangkes and analyzed using the Logistic Regression.
Result : The risk of pulmonary TB was 4,8 times greater in the population of 40-65 years who had a history of diabetes mellitus compared to not having a diabetes mellitus (POR = 4,8 : 95% CI 2,2-10,6).
Conclusion : Collaboration both health services including screening (Diabetes Mellitus and Pulmonary TB) is needed to reduce the prevalence of both diseases and profilaxis program of PP INH need to be considered
ABSTRAK Nama : Dinar Ayu Saraswati Program Studi : Epidemiologi Judul : Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Miopia pada Mahasiswa FKM UI Tahun 2018 Pembimbing : Prof. dr. Nuning Maria Kiptiyah, MPH, Dr.PH Latar Belakang : Miopia merupakan kelainan refraksi mata yang paling umum ditemukan dan dapat diperbaiki dengan menggunakan kacamata koreksi. Cut off point yang biasa digunakan untuk menentukan status miopia adalah -0,50 D. Prevalensi miopia diperkirakan mencapai 50% dari total populasi dunia pada tahun 2050. Faktor genetik dari keturunan dan faktor lingkungan diduga menjadi penyebab miopia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan kejadian miopia pada mahasiswa S1 Reguler FKM UI tahun 2018. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan sampel 259 responden mahasiswa S1 Reguler FKM UI tahun 2018. Faktor yang diteliti adalah riwayat miopia orang tua, kebiasaan bekerja jarak dekat dan durasi berada di luar ruangan dan terpapar sinar matahari. Hasil : Proporsi miopia dalam penelitian ini adalah 65,3%. Hasil analisis penelitian dengan uji cox-regression menunjukkan bahwa jarak membaca materi cetak (PR = 1,649; p value = 0,012 ; 95% CI 1,117 – 2,434) dan jarak menggunakan gadget (PR = 2,319 ; p value = 0,007 ; 95% CI 1,258 – 4,273) berhubungan dengan kejadian miopia. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat jarak menggunakan gadget menjadi satu-satunya faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian miopia. Kesimpulan : Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian miopia pada mahasiswa S1 reguler FKM UI tahun 2018 adalah jarak membaca materi cetak dan jarak menggunakan gadget.
Saran : Perlu ada variasi pengukuran dalam mengukur faktor risiko untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab yang paling tepat untuk kejadian miopia.
ABSTRACT Name : Dinar Ayu Saraswati Study Program : Epidemiology Title : Determinant Factors of Miopia in College Students of Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia 2018 Counsellor : Prof. dr. Nuning Maria Kiptiyah, MPH, Dr.PH Background : Myopia is the most common refractive error and can be corrected by using correction lens. Myopia defined by shpherical equivalent lower or equal to -0,50 D. Holden (2013) predicted that 50% of world population will develop myopia. Genetic engaged with hereditary and environmental factors were predicted as determinant factors of myopia. The aim of this study is to investigate potential factors that associated with the presence of myopia in college undergraduate students of Public Health Faculty Universitas Indonesia. Methods : A cross-sectional study of 259 conscripts. All conscripts was screened using autorefractors and trial lens set and filled out online questionnaire. Dependent variables in this study are parents’ myopia, near work habits and outdoor-and-exposed-by-sunlight’s duration. Analysis was performed using cox-regression model method on SPSS 17. Results : The prevalence of myopia in this study was 65,3%. Bivariate analysis showed that distance when reading printed material (PR = 1,649; p value = 0,012 ; 95% CI 1,117 – 2,434) and distance when using gadget (PR = 2,319 ; p value = 0,007 ; 95% CI 1,258 – 4,273) were associated with myopia. Multivariate analysis using cox-regression method showed that distance when using gadget was the only factors that associated with myopia. Conclussions : Distance when reading printed material and using gadget were associated with myopia in college undergraduate students of Public Health Faculty Universitas Indonesia.
Suggestions : Need a various measurements of risk factors of myopia to discover the most accurate risk factors of myopia.
