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There are an estimated 120 million cases of pneumonia every year worldwide, resultingin as many as 1.3 million deaths. Every year pneumonia is always ranked as the leadingcause of death of infants and toddlers in Indonesia. This study aims to determine thefactors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in infants (12-59 months) in DKIJakarta Province. The study used secondary data from Riskesdas 2018. The researchdesign used was cross sectional. The results showed the proportion of the incidence ofpneumonia in toddlers was 5.7%. There is no statistically significant relationship betweentoddler characteristics and mother characteristics with the incidence of pneumonia. Theproportion of pneumonia is higher in toddlers aged 25-59 months (OR = 1.852), male(OR = 1.2), complete measles immunization status (OR = 1,448), complete DPT-HB-HiBimmunization status (OR = 1.069), complete vitamin A status (OR = 1.189), and havehighly educated mothers (OR = 1.779). Therefore it is necessary to develop a pneumoniaprevention program for toddlers based on these risk factors, as well as counseling to thecommunity especially mothers and other closest people who is taking care of toddlersabout the symptoms and prevention of pneumoniaKey words:Pneumonia, toddlers, DKI Jakarta.
Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia
yang merupakan negara dengan kasus TBC tertinggi kedua di dunia. Tahun 2023 di DKI Jakarta terjadi peningkatan insiden TBC sebesar 31,75% dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya dan bahkan melebihi target insiden 2023 yang ditetapkan (>54.175 kasus). Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional yang memanfaatkan data Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis Komunitas (SITK), dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TBC paru di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2022-2023. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh kontak terduga TBC di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2022-2023 yang memiliki hasil pemeriksaan TBC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lansia (PR = 1,56; 95% CI: 1,473–1,653), laki-laki (PR = 1,37; 95% CI: 1,314–1,441), perokok (PR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,206–1,367), penderita DM (PR = 1,85; 95% CI: 1,585–2,171), dan pengobatan TBC tidak tuntas (PR = 2,24; 95% CI: 2,121–2,365) merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap kejadian TBC paru. Sementara itu kontak serumah (PR = 0,6; 95% CI: 0,538–0,678) memiliki hubungan signifikan yang bersifat protektif terhadap kejadian TBC paru. Sosialisasi upaya berhenti/mengurangi rokok, penyuluhan pencegahan TBC kepada lansia dan penderita DM serta pendampingan pengobatan pasien TBC merupakan upaya yang dapat mencegah terjadinya insiden TBC paru di DKI Jakarta.
Tuberculosis is a major public health threat in Indonesia, which is the second-highest TB burdened country in the world. In 2023, the incidence of TB in Jakarta increased by 31.75% compared to the previous year and even exceeded the 2023 incidence target (>54,175 cases). This study is a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Community Tuberculosis Information System (SITK), aimed at identifying risk factors associated with pulmonary TB cases in Jakarta Province from 2022 to 2023. The study sample consisted of all suspected TB contacts in Jakarta Province from 2022 to 2023 who had undergone TB testing. The study results showed that older adults (PR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.473–1.653), males (PR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.314–1.441), smokers (PR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,206–1,367), DM patients (PR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.585–2.171), and incomplete TB treatment (PR = 2.24; 95% CI: 2.121–2.365) were significant risk factors for pulmonary TB incidence. Meanwhile, household contacts (PR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.538–0.678) have a significant protective association with the occurrence of pulmonary TB. Efforts to promote smoking cessation/reduction, TB prevention education for the elderly and DM patients, and patient accompaniment during TB treatment are measures that can prevent the occurrence of pulmonary TB in Jakarta.
Kata kunci: Obesitas, Posbindu PTM, DKI Jakarta
Prevalence of obesity in DKI Jakarta Province is always above the national rate in every age group every year. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution of obesity and factors associated with obesity in participants Posbindu PTM age 15-64 years. The data used is secondary data, sample size 20161. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional study design. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of obesity in this study was 57.1% which is a rough prevalence. The association relationship shows that there is a significant correlation between age variable, sex, marital status, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking status with obesity occurrence at Posbindu PTM participants. Where participants were more at risk of having age between 24-44 years (PR 1.92, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.64), female sex (PR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.34) , married (PR 1.46, 95% CI 1.22-1.75), lack of physical activity (PR 0.94, 95% CI 0.089-0.99), lack of consumption of vegetables and fruits (PR 1 , 06; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.12), and who had a smoking habit (PR 0.77; 95% CI 0.71-0.83). This research is expected to be a consideration in the development of Posbindu PTM program as an effort to reduce obesity rate in DKI Jakarta Province.
Keywords: Obesity, Posbindu PTM, DKI Jakarta
Based on data from the Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and the world research parameter on Hepatitis B in 2013 estimated that as many as 7,000 health workers in Indonesia were infected with the Hepatitis B virus, this is due to the low vaccine coverage. This research was conducted to observe the relation of the attitudes of midwives on the status of hepatitis B immunization in midwives who work in public health centers DKI Jakarta area. This is a quantitative research using cross sectional design with the dependent variable is Hepatitis B immunization status in midwives, the independent variable is Attitude, and the covariates are knowledge, cost, and length of work. The sample of this research were 294 midwives who worked in the public health centers DKI Jakarta area using cluster sampling technique and gave a questionnaire to the subject. The findings confirm that 75.9% of midwives had incomplete hepatitis B immunization status and 24.1% midwives had complete hepatitis B immunization status. The incompleteness of hepatitis B immunization status in midwives resulted in 70.5% of the midwives were supportive and 85.6% unsupportive. The results of the Logistics Regression analysis were carried out with an interaction test as well as a test confounding, there was no interaction between attitudes and knowledge and there were no variables of confounding. OR value obtained is 2.48, means that the attitude of a midwife who support has an odds of 2.48 times higher complete hepatitis B immunization status than a midwife who does not supports hepatitis B immunization (95% CI; 1.321-4,654) with a P- value of 0.006
