Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) masih menjadi penyebab utama kunjungan layanan kesehatan primer di Indonesia. Data menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah kunjungan ISPA, baik pada Rawat Inap Tingkat Pertama (RITP) maupun Rawat Jalan Tingkat Pertama (RJTP), dengan rata-rata tahunan masing-masing sebesar 3,7 juta dan 19,3 juta kunjungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi individu (usia, jenis kelamin, segmentasi peserta, kelas rawat) serta faktor keehatan lingkungan tingkat kabupaten/kota (kepadatan penduduk, tempat tinggal, curah hujan, suhu rata-rata, kelembapan udara, dan kecepatan angin) dan tingkat provinsi (ISPU) terhadap jumlah kunjungan ISPA di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) rawat jalan Program JKN tahun 2023. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, menggunakan unit analisis individu dan agregat wilayah. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel usia, jenis kelamin, segmentasi peserta, kelas rawat, kepadatan penduduk, tempat tinggal, suhu, kelembapan relatif, dan ISPU memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap kunjungan ISPA di FKTP lebih dari sekali. Pada analisis multivariat, faktor usia, segmentasi peserta, kepadatan penduduk, suhu, dan kecepatan angin berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kunjungan peserta ISPA ke FKTP. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh dalam model ini adalah usia balita. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan multi-level dalam upaya pengendalian ISPA melalui intervensi berbasis individu dan lingkungan.

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Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain a leading cause of visits to primary healthcare services in Indonesia. Data show an increase in ARI visits, both inpatient and outpatient at the primary level, with an average annual total of 3.7 million and 19.3 million visits, respectively. This study aims to analyze the relationship between individual sociodemographic factors (age, gender, participant segmentation, and treatment class), environmental health factors at the district/city level (population density, residence type, rainfall, average temperature, humidity, and wind speed), and provincial level factors (Air Pollution Standard Index, ISPU) on the number of ARI visits to Primary Healthcare Facilities (FKTP) outpatient services under the JKN program in 2023. This quantitative study uses a cross-sectional design, with individual and regional aggregate units of analysis. Bivariate analysis results show that age, gender, participant segmentation, treatment class, population density, residence, temperature, relative humidity, and ISPU have a statistically significant relationship with ARI visits to FKTP more than once. Multivariate analysis further reveals that age, participant segmentation, population density, temperature, and wind speed are significantly associated with ARI visits to FKTP. The most influential variable in the model is the age group of children under five. These findings highlight the importance of a multi-level approach in controlling ARI through both individual and environmentbased interventions.

Hypertension is a prevalent non-communicable disease in Indonesia that poses a serious risk of complications if not properly managed. In Belitung Regency, hypertension service coverage has not yet reached the 100% target set by the Minimum Service Standards (SPM). This study aims to analyze the implementation of hypertension health services based on the 2024 SPM using a qualitative case study approach and the Donabedian model (structure, process, outcome). Informants included program managers, health workers, health center heads, and village government representatives from four selected health centers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document review from February to May 2025. The findings reveal that limitations in human resources, lack of integrated technical regulations, and varying levels of village support affect service effectiveness. Service processes such as early detection, therapy, education, and documentation through the ASIK application are not yet fully systematic. In 2024, service coverage ranged from 44.76% to 92.66%, with a district average of 76.10%. Patient medication adherence remains low, and quality measurement is inconsistent. It is concluded that the implementation of hypertension services in Belitung Regency has not met the national target. Strengthening operational regulations, equitable distribution of human resources, capacity building for service providers, and cross-sector collaboration with support from village governments and community health workers are needed to achieve equitable and quality hypertension care.

Latar Belakang: Puskesmas memegang peranan krusial dalam sistem kesehatan nasional Indonesia, khususnya dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer Terpadu (ILP). Namun, sistem informasi (SIP) yang diterapkan di Puskesmas mengalami berbagai tantangan, seperti fragmentasi data dan kesulitan dalam integrasi dengan sistem nasional, termasuk SATU SEHAT dan SITB. Hal ini terutama berdampak pada pengelolaan tuberkulosis (TB), yang pada gilirannya menghambat efektivitas layanan dan pengendalian penyakit. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan prototipe sistem informasi Puskesmas yang berlandaskan ILP dengan tujuan meningkatkan integrasi data serta mendukung identifikasi dan pengobatan TB. Fokus utama dari penelitian ini adalah menciptakan sistem yang mampu menyediakan data kesehatan yang terstruktur, memfasilitasi pemantauan lintas sistem, dan menyajikan dashboard bagi para pembuat kebijakan. Metodologi Penelitian: Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif, penelitian ini mengevaluasi SIP yang ada dengan menggunakan System Usability Scale (SUS). Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan tinjauan dokumen, serta melibatkan sampling purposif terhadap tenaga kesehatan dan staf IT di wilayah Depok. Hasil Penelitian: Temuan dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa SIP saat ini memiliki skor usability yang rendah dan menghadapi berbagai permasalahan, seperti redundansi data dan proses yang terfragmentasi. Prototipe yang dikembangkan berhasil mengatasi isu-isu tersebut dengan mengintegrasikan manajemen data TB, mengotomatisasi pelaporan, serta menyediakan dashboard real-time. Prototipe ini menunjukkan potensi untuk secara signifikan meningkatkan akurasi data, mengurangi beban administratif, dan memperkuat upaya pengendalian TB sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku.

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Background: Puskesmas plays a pivotal role in Indonesia's national health system, especially in implementing the Integrated Primary Health Care (ILP) policy. However, current information systems (SIP) in Puskesmas face challenges such as data fragmentation and lack of interoperability with national systems like SATU SEHAT and SITB, particularly in tuberculosis (TB) management. These issues hinder effective service delivery and disease control. Research Objective: This study aims to develop a prototype of a Puskesmas information system based on ILP to enhance data integration and support TB identification and treatment. It focuses on creating a system that can provide structured health data, facilitate cross-system monitoring, and offer dashboards for policymakers. Research Methodology: Using a qualitative case study approach, the research evaluates the existing SIP with the System Usability Scale (SUS), collects data through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews, and involves purposive sampling of health workers and IT staff in Depok. Research Results: The study reveals that the existing SIP has low usability scores and faces issues like data redundancy and fragmented processes. The developed prototype addresses these by integrating TB data management, automating reporting, and providing real-time dashboards. The prototype shows potential to significantly improve data accuracy, reduce administrative burdens, and enhance TB control efforts in line with Indonesia's UHC goals.

Rendahnya Penuaan populasi global berdampak signifikan terhadap meningkatnya jumlah lansia dengan penyakit kronis dan kebutuhan akan pendekatan kesehatan yang lebih komprehensif dan adaptif. Resiliensi psikologis merupakan kapasitas kunci yang memungkinkan individu lansia bertahan, menyesuaikan diri, dan mempertahankan kualitas hidup di tengah keterbatasan fisik, tekanan emosional, serta perubahan sosial yang menyertai proses penuaan. Studi ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dinamika resiliensi psikologis pada lansia dengan penyakit kronis di Kota Depok, Indonesia, dengan membandingkan dua: pendidikan berbasis komunitas melalui Sekolah Lansia dan layanan kesehatan primer melalui Puskesmas. Menggunakan desain kualitatif fenomenologi, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap informan dari kedua kelompok. Analisis dilakukan secara tematik berdasarkan enam dimensi utama resiliensi psikologis: efikasi diri, kepuasan hidup, penuaan biologis, penilaian emosional terhadap stresor, penurunan respons terhadap stres kronis, serta keterlibatan dalam perilaku promotif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa lansia perempuan cenderung membangun ketahanan melalui spiritualitas dan dukungan relasional, sementara lansia laki-laki menekankan pada aktivitas sosial dan strategi pemecahan masalah. Lansia peserta Sekolah Lansia memperlihatkan pola resiliensi yang lebih reflektif dan terstruktur, sedangkan lansia pengguna layanan Puskesmas menampilkan strategi adaptif yang bersifat praktis dan kontekstual. Temuan ini menggaris bawahi pentingnya pendekatan intersektoral dan sensitif gender dalam memperkuat ketahanan psikologis lansia. Integrasi antara intervensi berbasis komunitas dan layanan kesehatan primer terbukti saling melengkapi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan lansia secara holistik. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi empiris terhadap pengembangan kebijakan lansia berbasis bukti, serta mendorong desain program promotif-preventif yang lebih inklusif, berkelanjutan, dan kontekstual dalam menghadapi tantangan populasi menua di Indonesia dan negara berkembang lainnya.

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The global aging population poses significant challenges to healthcare systems, particularly due to the rising number of older adults living with chronic diseases. Psychological resilience is a crucial capacity that enables older individuals to adapt, maintain emotional well-being, and preserve quality of life amid physical limitations and social transitions associated with aging. This study aims to explore the dynamics of psychological resilience among older adults with chronic illnesses in Depok City, Indonesia, by comparing two intervention contexts: community-based education through the Sekolah Lansia (Elderly School) and primary healthcare services provided by Puskesmas (community health centers). Using an phenomenology qualitative design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with older adults from both groups. Thematic analysis was conducted based on six key dimensions of psychological resilience: self-efficacy, life satisfaction, biological aging, emotional and cognitive appraisal of stressors, reduction of physiological and emotional responses to chronic stress, and engagement in health-promoting behaviors. Findings indicate that older women tend to build resilience through spirituality and familial relationships, while older men emphasize social engagement and problem-focused coping. Participants of the Elderly School demonstrated more reflective and structured resilience patterns supported by community-based education, whereas Puskesmas users adopted practical, experience-based adaptive strategies rooted in daily routines and primary care services. The study underscores the importance of integrated, gender-sensitive approaches to strengthening psychological resilience in later life. The complementary roles of community education and primary healthcare suggest the need for multisectoral collaboration in promoting healthy and dignified aging. These findings provide empirical evidence to inform policy development and the design of inclusive, sustainable, and contextually relevant resilience-building programs for older adults in Indonesia and other low- and middle-income countries.

This study examines the achievement of Minimum Service Standards (MSS) for productive-age health services before and after the implementation of the Integrated Primary Care (ILP) policy in Depok City. The research aims to analyze the contribution of selected Primary Health Care components—integrated services, community empowerment, and cross-sector collaboration—as well as enabling factors including policy frameworks, human resources, financing, governance, and monitoring–evaluation. A qualitative approach with an intrinsic case study design was employed across six Puskesmas, supported by descriptive analysis of MSS data from 2023–2025. The findings indicate that ILP implementation encouraged service restructuring, more active roles of health cadres, and the expansion of cross-sectoral partnerships. Nevertheless, MSS achievements varied: some areas recorded stable improvements, while others faced fluctuations or stagnation. Internal factors such as governance readiness, human resource capacity, and digital adaptation, along with external factors such as cross-sectoral support and regulatory alignment, were critical to ILP success. Therefore, the sustainability of ILP transformation requires strengthened operational policies, equitable human resource capacity building, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to ensure continuous improvement of productive-age health services.