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Kata kunci : kecurangan, segitiga kecurangan, kebijakan pencegahan fraud,jaminan kesehatan nasional
The National Health Insurance (JKN) held by the Social Security Agency (BPJS)Health has started to be implemented from 1 Indonesia's Health InsuranceProgram in January 2014. The implementation of a national insurance programfound the risk. The risk of occurrence of fraud (fraud) in Indonesia is very highbut it is still difficult to identify fraud risk events. This is supported by the lack ofawareness of all parties, both from patients, providers and insurance companiesalthough such actions are felt presence. Health fraud is a serious threat to theentire world, which led to financial abuse of scarce resources and the negativeimpact on access to health care, infrastructure, and social determinants of health.Health fraud associated with increased health care costs in the United States. Thisstudy was to analyze the influence of the dimensions of the fraud triangle in fraudprevention policies towards the National Health Insurance program which is thereason for health fraud. This study used a qualitative approach. Data collectiontechniques such as interview guides, recorders, written records and documents.The results of a study reported stress analysis, opportunity, and rationalization ofthe risk of fraud incident and presents examples of how policy has an impact onthe National Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. This thesis will then provideadvice on how to prevent future fraudulent health to reduce health spending anduse of resources for the benefit of the National Hospital Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo.
Keywords : Fraud, fraud triangle, fraud prevention policies, national healthinsurance
The purpose of this study to determine the conformfity of services and claiming inRSKD. If there are discrepancies, it is a fraud or cheating. This study is aqualitative with case study. A sample of 31 patients JKN performed radicalmastectomy without reconstruction in RSKD during January-March 2016. Theservice will be compared with the clinical pathways, while claiming to becompared with the existing regulations.The results showed that there are discrepancies in service and claiming in RSKD.There is a service conformity in the service of anesthetic services and claimingconformity in claiming ward and time of claiming. There is a service discrepancyin the placement services ward, length of stay, the implementation of theoperation schedule, non-anesthetic medication, postoperative laboratoryexamination. There is a claiming discrepancy in diagnostics claims which is notcorresponding to the medical resume. The confirmation has been doneto theimplementers in duty and note some important things like patient room class Iwhich is high demand, while the availability is limited, medicines given by DPJPaccording to the patient's complaints, time constraints of DPJP for visite times dueto other activities inside and outside the hospital, postoperative laboratoryexamination to be done when the patient's condition requires, and the difference indiagnosis had been confirmed to the patient's medical record and DPJP.The discrepancies which happened today does not lead to cheating or fraudbecause of the explanation that does not lead to the intentional for gettingadvantage. Hospital management need to do something to fix these condition suchas evaluation or revision of existing clinical pathways, clinical pathwaysincorporate compliance into performance appraisal, rechecking thediscrepanciesso that will not continue and creates the perception of fraud.Keywords: service, claiming, clinical pathways, cheating, fraud.
Latar Belakang: Fraud dalam klaim Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), khususnya dalam bentuk upcoding diagnosis penyakit kardiovaskular, merupakan tantangan serius yang dapat mengancam keberlanjutan sistem jaminan kesehatan di Indonesia. Penyakit kardiovaskular, sebagai penyebab beban biaya tertinggi dalam layanan rawat inap, rentan terhadap praktik kecurangan yang sulit dideteksi melalui metode konvensional. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan berbasis data dan teknologi untuk mendeteksi potensi fraud secara lebih efisien. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksploratif dengan metode supervised machine learning. Data klaim rawat inap penyakit kardiovaskular tahun 2022–2024 dianalisis berdasarkan beberapa variabel yaitu lama hari rawat, lama rawat di ICU, waktu penggunaan ventilator, jumlah diagnosis sekunder, jumlah prosedur, dan biaya RS. Proses mencakup cleansing, encoding, pseudo-labeling, feature selection, serta pelatihan model menggunakan beberapa algoritma supervised, seperti Random Forest, Tree, Gradient Boosting, Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), dan kNN. Evaluasi kinerja model dilakukan dengan menggunakan metrik akurasi, precision, recall, F1-score, dan AUC. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa algoritma Random Forest menghasilkan performa terbaik dalam mendeteksi potensi fraud pada sebagian besar kategori diagnosis dan kelas rumah sakit. Nilai akurasi dan AUC yang dihasilkan berada dalam kategori baik hingga sangat baik. Selain itu, analisis pola klaim menunjukkan adanya perbedaan distribusi biaya dan indikator klinis antara klaim normal dan klaim yang terindikasi anomali, mendukung keberadaan pola upcoding Kesimpulan: Model machine learning, khususnya Random Forest, terbukti efektif dalam mendeteksi potensi fraud upcoding diagnosis penyakit kardiovaskular pada klaim JKN. Penerapan sistem berbasis algoritma ini berpotensi menjadi alat bantu auditor dalam pengawasan klaim yang lebih akurat dan efisien. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan dasar bagi pengembangan sistem deteksi fraud terintegrasi di masa depan guna meningkatkan akuntabilitas dan efisiensi pembiayaan kesehatan.
Background: Fraud in the National Health Insurance (JKN) claims, particularly in the form of upcoding for cardiovascular disease diagnoses, poses a serious threat to the sustainability of Indonesia’s health financing system. As the leading contributor to inpatient service expenditures, cardiovascular disease claims are highly susceptible to fraudulent practices that are difficult to detect using conventional methods. Therefore, a data-driven and technology-based approach is essential for more efficient fraud detection. Methods: This study employed a quantitative exploratory approach using supervised machine learning methods. The dataset consisted of inpatient cardiovascular disease claims from 2022 to 2024. The analysis involved data cleansing, encoding, pseudo-labeling, feature selection, and model training using several classification algorithms such as Random Forest, XGBoost, and Logistic Regression. Model performance was evaluated using metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC. Results: The results demonstrated that the Random Forest algorithm achieved the highest performance in detecting potential fraud across most diagnosis categories and hospital classes. The accuracy and AUC values indicated good to excellent classification performance. Furthermore, the claim pattern analysis revealed distinct differences in cost and clinical indicators between normal and anomaly-labeled claims, supporting the presence of potential upcoding. Conclusion: Machine learning models, particularly Random Forest, proved to be effective in detecting potential upcoding fraud in cardiovascular disease claims within the JKN program. The implementation of algorithm-based fraud detection systems can serve as a decision-support tool for auditors, enabling more accurate and efficient claim monitoring. This study provides a foundation for the future development of integrated fraud detection systems to enhance accountability and efficiency in national health financing.
