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Kata kunci: COVID-19, Limbah Medis, Rumah Sakit
The hospital is one of the health service providers which in its service activities generates a number of wastes, including medical waste. This study discusses the management of hospital medical waste in a pandemic virus corona emergency (COVID-19). The purpose of this study is to find out aspects that will be examined include the characteristics of medical waste (type, source, and amount of generation), regulatory aspects, aspects of resources (management officers, facilities and infrastructure, and finance), and technical aspects (sorting, storage, transportation, processing, burial, landfill). This research method is a qualitative research with descriptive observational analysis. The data and information used came from interviews of three institutions, observations through webinar data, regulations and waste management guidelines, as well as documents from 2019 to 2020 from the Environmental Health Installation of the Presidential Hospital of Gatot Soebroto Hospital. The results of this study indicate that in an emergency condition the COVID-19 pandemic the number of national waste generation is estimated to increase by 30%, but in the Presidential Hospital of Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital there is a decrease. The types and sources of waste produced are most infectious waste such as PPE and are from inpatient care units. The regulation used refers to PermenLHK No. 56 of 2015. Waste treatment capacity in Indonesia is still lacking. The facilities and infrastructure used are the same as in normal conditions only with disinfectant added. The funds needed to manage waste are borne by each hospital. Technical management of hospital medical waste of COVID-19 is in principle the same as waste management under normal conditions. Differences in management of medical waste before and during the COVID-19 pandemic are in the characteristics of waste and resource aspects.
Key words: COVID-19, Hospital, Medical Waste
Latar Belakang: Pengelolaan limbah medis di Indonesia menghadapi banyak tantangan. Tantangan tersebut berupa regulasi, daya tampung pengolahan, sinkronisasi antar lembaga, peran pemerintah daerah, sarana prasarana yang belum mencukupi, sumber daya manusia yang belum mumpuni, masalah perizinan, serta pembiayaan. Provinsi Banten mengalami kenaikan timbulan limbah medis. Data menunjukkan limbah medis di Provinsi Banten sebanyak 228,06 ton pada Maret 2021, dan kenaikan tersebut meningkat mencapai 591,78 ton pada 27 Juli 2021. Pandemi yang terjadi di akhir tahun 2019 hingga sekarang, menimbulkan peningkatan timbulan limbah medis secara signifikan. Hal ini menciptakan tantangan tambahan pada manajemen pengelolaan limbah medis di negara berkembang. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengelolaan limbah medis B3 Covid-19 pada rumah sakit di Kota Tangerang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Penelitian kualitatif untuk mencari tahu gambaran pengelolaan limbah B3 Rumah Sakit di Kota Tangerang dan penelitian kuantitatif untuk menghitung jumlah timbulan limbah medis yang dihasilkan dari rumah sakit Hasil: Limbah medis yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas pasien Covid-19 dan pasien biasa pada pandemi Covid-19 diperlakukan seperti limbah Covid-19. Timbulan limbah medis yang dihasilkan dari RS A dan B sebanyak 3,19 kg/tempat tidur/hari dan 3,16 kg/tempat tidur/hari. Alur pengelolaan limbah medis B3 Covid-19 yang dilakukan oleh RS A dan RS B dimulai dari pemisahan yang dilakukan pada sumbernya, pewadahan, pengangkutan, penyimpanan, dan pengangkutan menuju pihak ke 3. Sarana prasarana pengelolaan limbah rumah sakit sudah tersedia cukup baik sesuai dengan syarat Permenkes No.18 Tahun 2020. Sejauh ini, belum adanya rencana terkait antisipasi pengelolaan limbah medis apabila timbulan limbah medis membludak yang disiapkan oleh pemerintah. Dalam hal pengangkutan limbah oleh pihak ke 3, terdapat beberapa kali keterlambatan untuk waktu kedatangan ke rumah sakit untuk mengangkut limbah medis. Kesimpulan: Pengelolaan limbah medis B3 Covid-19 rumah sakit di Kota Tangerang saat ini terkontrol dengan baik.
Background: Medical waste management in Indonesia faces many challenges. These challenges are in the form of regulation, processing capacity, synchronization between institutions, the role of local governments, inadequate infrastructure, inadequate human resources, licensing problems, and financing. Banten Province experienced an increase in the generation of medical waste. Data shows that medical waste in Banten Province was 228.06 tons in March 2021, and the increase increased to 591.78 tons on July 27, 2021. The pandemic that occurred at the end of 2019 until now has resulted in a significant increase in the generation of medical waste. This creates additional challenges for medical waste management in developing countries. Objective: This study aims to describe the management of Covid-19 Hazardous medical waste in hospitals in Tangerang City. Methods: This research is quantitative and qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Qualitative research to find out the description of hospital Hazardous waste management in Tangerang City and quantitative research to calculate the amount of medical waste generated from hospitals Result: Medical waste generated from the activities of Covid-19 patients and ordinary patients during the Covid-19 pandemic is treated like Covid-19 waste. The medical waste generated from Hospitals A and B was 3.19 kg/bed/day and 3.16 kg/bed/day. The flow of hazardous Covid-19 medical waste management carried out by Hospital A and Hospital B starts from the separation carried out at the source, storage, transportation, storage, and transportation to third parties. Hospital waste management infrastructure facilities are already quite good in accordance with the requirements of Minister of Health Regulation No. 18 of 2020. So far, there is no plan related to anticipating medical waste management in the event of an overabundance of medical waste that has been prepared by the government. In the case of transporting waste by third parties, there are several delays in arrival time to the hospital for transporting medical waste. Conclusion: The management of hospital hazardous Covid-19 medical waste in Tangerang City is currently well controlled.
Rumah sakit memberikan pelayanan jasa kesehatan memiliki peranan penting dan strategis dalam mempercepat peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Dampak negatif dari kegiatan pelayanan rumah sakit adalah menghasilkan limbah. Untuk dapat menerapkan pengelolaan dan monitoring limbah secara komprehensif dan tepat guna, salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui pendekatan manajemen risiko yang diawali dengan identifikasi dan analisis risiko. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar risiko yang terjadi pada pengelolaan limbah medis tajam, penulis mencoba untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko pada pengelolaan limbah medis tajam di Rumah Sakit TNI AL Dr. Mintohardjo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan alat medis tajam yang paling banyak digunakan adalah spuit 62 %, sedangkan tingkat risiko pada pengelolaan limbah medis tajam berada pada level priority 3 – priority 1. Kata Kunci : Penilaian risiko, limbah medis, limbah medis tajam.
The hospital provides health services which have an important and strategic role in accelerating the improvement of public health level. The negative impact of the activities of hospital services is hazardous waste. To be able to implement management and monitoring of waste in a comprehensive and appropriate, an effort that can be done is through risk management approach that begins with the identification and risk analysis. To find out how big the risk that occurs in sharp medical waste management, the author tries to analyze the level of risk in sharp medical waste management at the Navy Hospital Dr. Mintohardjo. The results showed a sharp medical instrument is the most widely used syringes 62%, while the level of risk at the sharp medical waste management at the level of priority 3 - priority 1. Key words : Risk analysis, medical waste, sharps medical waste.
