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Safety culture has been shown to influence patient safety in health care. The culture of patient safety is one of the main components of the quality of health services and is one of the top priorities of health studies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dimensions of patient safety culture by health workers at the Kotamobagu Municipal General Hospital. This study uses a qualitative method with a cross sectional study design. The collection of qualitative primary data using in-depth interview techniques and secondary data obtained through document review. Eleven informants consisted of Director of Kotamobagu City Regional General Hospital, Deputy Director of Medical Services, Specialist Doctors, General Physicians, Head of Nursing Division, Nurse Supervisor, Head Room Nurse, Implementing Nurse, Midwives, Pharmacists. Data analysis includes content analysis by conducting indepth interviews through key informants while triangulation interviews are used to check the truth of data from in-depth interviews with key informants. Research Results Of the 12 dimensions of patient safety culture carried out, in hospital management there are only 5 cultural dimensions that are well implemented, namely teamwork within units, teamwork between units, response not to blame for mistakes, feedback and communication about mistakes, and organizational learning. This is proven by every health worker who supports each other, coordination and communication is carried out well and openly and does not blame each other when someone makes a mistake. There is feedback and communication on patient safety between management and health workers, and all health workers are required to attend trainings that are carried out both inside and outside the hospital to improve knowledge and performance regarding patient safety
Latar Belakang: Salah satu langkah keselamatan pasien adalah perbaikan pelayanan kesehatan dari pelaporan insiden. Dalam praktiknya, laporan Insiden Keselamatan Pasien (IKP) yang terkumpul secara lingkup global dan di Indonesia masih terbatas dikarenakan berbagai faktor dan masalah, baik underreporting, time response, ataupun adanya insiden yang berulang terjadi. Studi ini bertujuan menganalisis akar masalah dari ketiga fenomena tersebut menggunakan kerangka root cause analysis oleh VHA National Center for Patient Safety.
Metode: Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus pada Bulan Maret-April 2025 dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap 14 informan utama dan dua informan kunci dan dengan analisis konten menggunakan software Nvivo 15. Studi ini juga menggunakan data sekunder dari rumah sakit studi mengenai insiden yang masuk di sistem rumah sakit per Bulan Januari 2024 hingga Februari 202.
Hasil: Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa faktor knowledge and skills, organizational factors, just culture, dan process and system reporting memiliki bobot pengkodean yang lebih banyak dibandingkan faktor lainnya. Dua insiden yang paling sering berulang adalah masalah identifikasi pasien dan medikasi. Human error adalah faktor utama dari kedua insiden berulang tersebut. Pengembangan sistem pelaporan, edukasi mengenai urgensi dan no-blaming culture, serta pemberlakuan komunikasi yang efektif menjadi rekomendasi action plan dari RCA yang dibentuk.
Kesimpulan: Pengembangan sistem, edukasi mengenai urgensi dan no-blaming culture, serta pemberlakuan komunikasi yang efektif menjadi rekomendasi dari akhir tahapan analisis masalah.
Kata Kunci: Root Cause Analysis, Pelaporan IKP, Blaming Culture, Senioritas, Umpan Balik
Background: One of the patient safety measures is improving healthcare services through incident reporting. In practice, Patient Safety Incident (PSI) reports collected globally and in Indonesia remain limited due to various factors and issues, including underreporting, time response, or recurring incidents. This study aims to analyze the root causes of these three phenomena using the root cause analysis framework by the VHA National Center for Patient Safety. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study method conducted from March to April 2025, involving in-depth interviews with 14 primary informants and two key informants, utilizing content analysis with Nvivo 15 software. The study also incorporated secondary data from the hospital study regarding incidents recorded in the system from January 2024 to February 2025. Results: The study findings indicate that factors such as knowledge and skills, organizational factors, just culture, and process and system reporting had higher coding weights compared to other factors. The two most frequently recurring incidents were patient identification and medication issues. Human error was identified as the primary factor in both incidents. System development, education regarding urgency and no-blaming culture, and implementation of effective communication emerged as recommendations from the final stage of problem analysis. Conclusion: System development, education regarding urgency and no-blaming culture, and implementation of effective communication are recommended based on the final stage of problem analysis. Keywords: Root Cause Analysis, Patient Safety Incident Reporting, Blaming Culture, Seniority, Feedback
