Pemberian makanan pada bayi dan anak merupakan kunci utama dalam mendorong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang sehat. Keragaman Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) menjadi salah satu indikator dalam menilai kecukupan gizi bayi 6-23 bulan. Praktik pemberian MPASI beragam ini melibatkan peran besar orang tua/pengasuh. Namun, jika pengetahuan tidak memadai, kurangnya waktu, dan terbatasnya peran orang tua maka pemberian MPASI beragam tidak akan optimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan praktik pemberian MPASI beragam pada bayi usia 6-23 bulan di Desa Cibokor, Kecamatan Cibeber, Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 105 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan persentase bayi 6-23 bulan di Desa Cibokor yang mendapatkan MPASI beragam yaitu 68,6%. Uji regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan pengetahuan ibu dengan praktik pemberian MPASI beragam pada bayi 6-23 bulan berhubungan signifikan secara statistik setelah dikontrol variabel kunjungan ANC (AOR=5,688; 95% CI: 2,135-15,155). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan ANC berfungsi secara efektif sehingga Puskesmas dapat lebih meningkatkan edukasi tentang Praktik Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA), khususnya mengenai keragaman MPASI, melalui peningkatan pemanfaatan layanan perawatan nifas (PNC).

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Infant and young child feeding is the main key in promoting healthy growth and development of children. The diversity of complementary foods is one of the indicators in assessing nutritional adequacy of infants aged 6-23 months. Providing diverse complementary foods relies heavily on the active involvement of parents or caregivers. However, inadequate knowledge, time constraints, and limited parental involvement can hinder the optimal provision of diverse complementary foods. This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the provision of diverse complementary foods for infants aged 6-23 months in Cibokor Village, Cibeber District, Cianjur Regency. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of 105 respondents. The study found that 68,6% of infants aged 6-23 months in Cibokor Village received diverse complementary foods. Logistic regression analysis revelead a statistically significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the provision of diverse complementary foods for infants aged 6-23 months, after controlling for ANC visit variable (AOR=5.688; 95% CI: 2.135-15.155). These findings suggest that the ANC services are functioning effectively. Public Health Center could further enhance maternal education on Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF), particularly regarding the diversity of complementary foods, through increased utilization of postnatal care (PNC) services.

Stunting pada anak usia 6–23 bulan merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang dapat berkaitan dengan praktik pemberian makan serta berbagai faktor anak, kesehatan, lingkungan, dan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), dan faktor lainnya dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6–23 bulan di Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan data sekunder Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2024. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 840 anak usia 6–23 bulan yang diperoleh melalui total sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, eksklusi, dan kelengkapan data. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi stunting sebesar 17,7%, sedangkan anak yang memenuhi MDD, MMF, dan MAD masing-masing sebesar 23,1%, 43,8%, dan 13,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara MMF (p = 0,032; OR = 1,517; 95% CI: 1,051–2,191), jenis kelamin (p = 0,016; OR = 1,582; 95% CI: 1,101–2,273), dan usia anak (p < 0,001; OR = 2,344; 95% CI: 1,510–3,638) dengan kejadian stunting. MDD (p = 0,845) dan MAD (p = 0,229) tidak menunjukkan hubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa anak yang tidak memenuhi MMF (aOR = 1,648; 95% CI: 1,130–2,404), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (aOR = 1,621; 95% CI: 1,118–2,348), berusia 12–23 bulan (aOR = 3,103; 95% CI: 1,858–5,180), dan tinggal dalam rumah tangga dengan dua balita atau lebih (aOR = 1,793; 95% CI: 1,017–3,164) memiliki peluang lebih besar mengalami stunting. Pemberian vitamin A dipertahankan dalam model sebagai variabel perancu. Faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting adalah usia anak. Penguatan edukasi dan pendampingan praktik pemberian makan perlu diprioritaskan pada periode usia 12–23 bulan, terutama dalam pemenuhan frekuensi makan sesuai usia, disertai pemantauan pertumbuhan pada anak laki-laki dan anak yang tinggal dalam rumah tangga dengan dua balita atau lebih.

Stunting among children aged 6–23 months is a chronic nutritional problem that may be associated with feeding practices and various child, health, environmental, and household factors. This study aimed to analyze the associations of Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), and other factors with stunting among children aged 6–23 months in Maluku Province. This study used a cross-sectional design and secondary data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey. The study included 840 children aged 6–23 months selected through total sampling after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessing data completeness. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of stunting was 17.7%, while the proportions of children who met MDD, MMF, and MAD were 23.1%, 43.8%, and 13.5%, respectively. The bivariate analysis showed associations between MMF (p = 0.032; OR = 1.517; 95% CI: 1.051–2.191), sex (p = 0.016; OR = 1.582; 95% CI: 1.101–2.273), and child age (p < 0.001; OR = 2.344; 95% CI: 1.510–3.638) and stunting. MDD (p = 0.845) and MAD (p = 0.229) were not associated with stunting. The multivariate analysis showed that children who did not meet MMF (aOR = 1.648; 95% CI: 1.130–2.404), were male (aOR = 1.621; 95% CI: 1.118–2.348), were aged 12–23 months (aOR = 3.103; 95% CI: 1.858–5.180), and lived in households with two or more children under five (aOR = 1.793; 95% CI: 1.017–3.164) had higher odds of stunting. Vitamin A supplementation was retained in the final model as a confounding variable. Child age was the factor most strongly associated with stunting. Nutrition education and feeding assistance should be strengthened during the 12–23-month period, particularly regarding age-appropriate meal frequency, accompanied by growth monitoring for male children and children living in households with two or more children under five.

Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) merupakan indikator penting kualitas pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) yang mencerminkan kucukupan keragaman konsumsi pangan anak usia 6–23 bulan. Capaian MDD di Indonesia masih rendah, sementara determinannya belum banyak dianalisis dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh faktor individu dan konteks wilayah secara simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan data Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2024 yang melibatkan 70.561 anak usia 6–23 bulan dari 412 kabupaten/kota. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik multilevel dua tingkat untuk mengidentifikasi determinan MDD pada tingkat individu dan kabupaten/kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 48,3% anak memenuhi MDD. Faktor tingkat individu yang berhubungan dengan pemenuhan MDD meliputi usia anak, usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, status pekerjaan ibu, status sosial ekonomi rumah tangga, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, dan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan anak. Sekitar 13,0% variasi pemenuhan MDD dijelaskan oleh perbedaan antar kabupaten/kota. Pada tingkat wilayah, indikator ketahanan pangan yang mencerminkan dimensi ketersediaan, keterjangkauan, dan pemanfaatan pangan berhubungan signifikan dengan pemenuhan MDD. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemenuhan MDD pada anak usia 6–23 bulan di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu serta faktor kontekstual wilayah. Peningkatan capaian MDD memerlukan penguatan intervensi gizi spesifik dan sensitif melalui pendekatan multisektor yang mempertimbangkan karakteristik wilayah.

Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) is a key indicator of the quality of complementary feeding practices that reflects the adequacy of dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months. The achievement of MDD in Indonesia remains low, while its determinants have rarely been examined by simultaneously considering individual- and area-level contextual factors. This study employed a cross-sectional design using data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (Survei Status Gizi Indonesia/SSGI), involving 70,561 children aged 6–23 months from 412 districts/municipalities. Data were analyzed using a two-level multilevel logistic regression model to identify the determinants of MDD at the individual and district/municipality levels. The results showed that 48.3% of children met the MDD criteria. At the individual level, MDD was significantly associated with the child's age, maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment status, household socioeconomic status, household size, and utilization of child health services. Approximately 13.0% of the variation in MDD was attributable to differences between districts/municipalities. At the area level, food security indicators representing the dimensions of food availability, food accessibility, and food utilization were significantly associated with MDD. These findings indicate that MDD among Indonesian children aged 6–23 months is influenced by both individual characteristics and area-level contextual factors. Improving MDD requires strengthening nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions through a multisectoral approach that takes regional characteristics into account.