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Background: Pharmaceutical services in hospitals have been regulated by the issuance of Minister of Health regulation number 72 in 2016. Accreditation as an acknowledgment of service quality in hospitals standard for pharmaceutical and medication services in the PKPO chapter which consists of 7 standards and 80 assessment elements. SNARS as an accreditation guideline issued by the Indonesian Commission on Accreditation of Hospital (KARS), an independent agency approved by the Minister of Health, to assess the implementation of services according to standards. Not yet known the suitability and challenges of pharmaceutical and medication services in hospitals toward SNARS including supporting factors and obstacles in meeting the accreditation standards. Methods: Mix-methods. Cross sectional uses secondary data from the KARS database. The sample is the total population, tested based on variable type, ownership, class and hospital province towards mean value of PKPO. Qualitative with in-depth interviews with KARS surveyors and hospital assistants. Results & Discussion: 1.725 hospital were obtained with a mean PKPO final score of 79.16. There are significant differences in ownership (Government, Private) (p = 0.001), class (A, B, C, D) (p < 0,001), and Province (p < 0,001). Based on the focus area, the highest mean values are in storage standards for types (General and Specialist), ownership (government and private), in classes (B, C, D), and provinces, while prescribing and copying standards in class A hospitals. The lowest mean value in the monitoring standard for all variables. Conclusions: Storage standards become the strength of hospital pharmacy services in Indonesia to the compliance of SNARS. Monitoring standard be a challenge to SNARS compliance in types (General and Specialist), ownership (government and private), class (A, B, C, D), and provincial hospitals in Indonesia.
Keselamatan pasien merupakan kewajiban rumah sakit dan bagian integral dari akreditasi sejak 2008. Namun, berbagai permasalahan masih sering ditemukan, sehingga keberlanjutan perbaikan menjadi tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan model konseptual strategi peningkatan keselamatan pasien. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed method dengan desain convergent parallel. Data kuantitatif berasal dari Riset Fasilitas Kesehatan 2019 (523 rumah sakit) dan data akreditasi (917 rumah sakit), dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square, regresi logistik, dan analisis jalur. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen dari enam rumah sakit, dinas kesehatan provinsi, dan Perhimpunan Rumah Sakit Seluruh Indonesia (PERSI) wilayah di Sumatera Utara dan Bali, dengan total 95 informan. Analisis tematik menggunakan perangkat NVivo, dengan kerangka Malcolm Baldrige dan model implementasi Van Meter-Van Horn, meliputi ukuran dan tujuan kebijakan, sumber daya, kepemimpinan, perencanaan strategis, fokus tenaga kerja, fokus operasi, fokus pelanggan, pengukuran, analisis, dan manajemen pengetahuan, komunikasi antar organisasi, serta peran akreditasi. Hasil kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien berhubungan signifikan dengan lokasi (Jawa-Bali), status akreditasi, jumlah tempat tidur (> 200), kelas rumah sakit (A dan B), evaluasi pelayanan, audit internal, serta keaktifan komite keselamatan pasien dan pengendalian infeksi. Hasil kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan keselamatan pasien sudah berjalan, namun bervariasi tergantung kepemilikan dan ketersediaan sumber daya. Semua dimensi yang diteliti berpotensi menjadi faktor pendukung maupun penghambat tergantung pengelolaannya. Kepemimpinan yang kuat, fasilitas yang memadai, serta budaya keselamatan yang ditanamkan secara konsisten memperkuat implementasi, sedangkan lemahnya komitmen dan keterbatasan dana menjadi kendala. Hambatan juga muncul dalam pelaporan insiden, baik dari sisi organisasi maupun individu. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model konseptual strategi peningkatan keselamatan pasien yang mencakup integrasi keselamatan pasien dalam perencanaan strategis, penguatan kepemimpinan, peningkatan kapasitas staf, alokasi anggaran memadai, monitoring dan evaluasi berkelanjutan, serta pelibatan pasien. Model ini diharapkan dapat mendorong peningkatan keselamatan pasien secara menyeluruh dan berkelanjutan di rumah sakit.
Patient safety is a mandatory obligation for hospitals and has been an integral part of hospital accreditation since 2008. However, various patient safety issues are still frequently found, making the sustainability of improvements a major challenge. This study aims to formulate a conceptual model of patient safety improvement strategies. A mixed-methods approach with a convergent parallel design was employed. Quantitative data were obtained from the 2019 Rifaskes (523 hospitals) and accreditation records (917 hospitals), and analyzed using chi-square tests, logistic regression, and path analysis. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and document reviews from six hospitals, provincial health offices, and the Indonesian Hospital Association (PERSI) in North Sumatra and Bali Provinces, involving a total of 95 informants. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software, guided by the Malcolm Baldrige framework and the Van Meter–Van Horn policy implementation model. Quantitative findings showed that the reporting of patient safety incidents was significantly associated with location (Java–Bali), accreditation status, bed capacity (>200 beds), hospital class (A and B), presence of service evaluations, internal audits, and the activity of patient safety and infection control committees. Qualitative results indicated that while policy implementation was underway, it varied depending on hospital ownership and available resources. All dimensions could act as either enablers or barriers depending on how they were managed. Strong leadership and adequate facilities enhanced implementation, while weak commitment and limited funding were key constraints. Incident reporting also faced challenges at both organizational and individual levels. This study produced a conceptual model for improving patient safety through the integration of safety into strategic planning, strengthened leadership, staff capacity building, sufficient budget allocation, continuous monitoring and evaluation, and enhanced patient engagement. The model is expected to support comprehensive and sustainable patient safety improvements in hospitals
Work fatigue significantly affects hospital workers' performance, safety, and health. This study developed a fatigue risk management model using qualitative and quantitative approaches through literature review, FGD, interviews, and observations. The result is the ICHAFIT model (Integrated Collaboration Healthcare Adaptability for Fatigue Intervention and Tracking) comprising five key elements and a data-driven prevention strategy). It includes 24 valid and reliable indicators to assess implementation. ICHAFIT serves as both a conceptual framework and practical tool, and also produced a policy brief to support national advocacy for fatigue risk management in hospitals.
